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Residential yard management and landscape cover affect urban bird community diversity across the continental USA
Ecological Applications ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-15 , DOI: 10.1002/eap.2455
Susannah B Lerman 1 , Desirée L Narango 2, 3 , Meghan L Avolio 4 , Anika R Bratt 5, 6 , Jesse M Engebretson 7, 8 , Peter M Groffman 2, 9 , Sharon J Hall 10 , James B Heffernan 5 , Sarah E Hobbie 11 , Kelli L Larson 12 , Dexter H Locke 13 , Christopher Neill 14 , Kristen C Nelson 7, 8 , Josep Padullés Cubino 11, 15 , Tara L E Trammell 16
Affiliation  

Urbanization has a homogenizing effect on biodiversity and leads to communities with fewer native species and lower conservation value. However, few studies have explored whether or how land management by urban residents can ameliorate the deleterious effects of this homogenization on species composition. We tested the effects of local (land management) and neighborhood-scale (impervious surface and tree canopy cover) features on breeding bird diversity in six US metropolitan areas that differ in regional species pools and climate. We used a Bayesian multiregion community model to assess differences in species richness, functional guild richness, community turnover, population vulnerability, and public interest in each bird community in six land management types: two natural area park types (separate and adjacent to residential areas), two yard types with conservation features (wildlife-certified and water conservation) and two lawn-dominated yard types (high- and low-fertilizer application), and surrounding neighborhood-scale features. Species richness was higher in yards compared with parks; however, parks supported communities with high conservation scores while yards supported species of high public interest. Bird communities in all land management types were composed of primarily native species. Within yard types, species richness was strongly and positively associated with neighborhood-scale tree canopy cover and negatively associated with impervious surface. At a continental scale, community turnover between cities was lowest in yards and highest in parks. Within cities, however, turnover was lowest in high-fertilizer yards and highest in wildlife-certified yards and parks. Our results demonstrate that, across regions, preserving natural areas, minimizing impervious surfaces and increasing tree canopy are essential strategies to conserve regionally important species. However, yards, especially those managed for wildlife support diverse, heterogeneous bird communities with high public interest and potential to support species of conservation concern. Management approaches that include the preservation of protected parks, encourage wildlife-friendly yards and acknowledge how public interest in local birds can advance successful conservation in American residential landscapes.

中文翻译:

住宅庭院管理和景观覆盖影响整个美国大陆的城市鸟类群落多样性

城市化对生物多样性具有同质化作用,并导致社区的本土物种减少,保护价值降低。然而,很少有研究探讨城市居民的土地管理是否或如何改善这种同质化对物种组成的有害影响。我们测试了地方(土地管理)和邻里规模(不透水表面和树冠覆盖)特征对在区域物种库和气候不同的六个美国大都市地区繁殖鸟类多样性的影响。我们使用贝叶斯多区域群落模型来评估六种土地管理类型中每个鸟类群落的物种丰富度、功能行会丰富度、社区周转率、种群脆弱性和公共利益的差异:两种自然区域公园类型(独立和毗邻住宅区) , 两种具有保护功能的庭院类型(野生动物认证和水资源保护)和两种以草坪为主的庭院类型(高施肥和低施肥),以及周边社区规模的特征。与公园相比,院子里的物种丰富度更高;然而,公园支持具有高保护分数的社区,而庭院支持高度公共利益的物种。所有土地管理类型的鸟类群落主要由本地物种组成。在庭院类型中,物种丰富度与邻里规模的树冠盖度呈强烈正相关,与不透水表面呈负相关。在大陆范围内,城市之间的社区流动在院子里最低,在公园里最高。然而,在城市内部,高施肥场的周转率最低,野生动物认证场和公园的周转率最高。我们的研究结果表明,跨地区保护自然区域、减少不透水表面和增加树冠是保护区域重要物种的基本策略。然而,院子,特别是那些为野生动物管理的院子,支持具有高度公共利益和支持受保护物种的潜力的多样化、异质的鸟类群落。管理方法包括保护受保护的公园,鼓励对野生动物友好的庭院,并承认公众对当地鸟类的兴趣如何促进美国住宅景观的成功保护。尽量减少不透水表面和增加树冠是保护区域重要物种的基本策略。然而,院子,特别是那些为野生动物管理的院子,支持具有高度公共利益和支持受保护物种的潜力的多样化、异质的鸟类群落。管理方法包括保护受保护的公园,鼓励对野生动物友好的庭院,并承认公众对当地鸟类的兴趣如何促进美国住宅景观的成功保护。尽量减少不透水表面和增加树冠是保护区域重要物种的基本策略。然而,院子,特别是那些为野生动物管理的院子,支持具有高度公共利益和支持受保护物种的潜力的多样化、异质的鸟类群落。管理方法包括保护受保护的公园,鼓励对野生动物友好的庭院,并承认公众对当地鸟类的兴趣如何促进美国住宅景观的成功保护。
更新日期:2021-09-15
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