In the current scenario of changing climatic conditions and the rising global population, there is an urgent need to explore novel, efficient, and economical natural products for the benefit of humankind. Biosurfactants are one of the latest explored microbial synthesized biomolecules that have been used in numerous fields, including agriculture, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food processing, and environment-cleaning industries, as a source of raw materials, for the lubrication, wetting, foaming, emulsions formulations, and as stabilizing dispersions. The amphiphilic nature of biosurfactants have shown to be a great advantage, distributing themselves into two immiscible surfaces by reducing the interfacial surface tension and increasing the solubility of hydrophobic compounds. Furthermore, their eco-friendly nature, low or even no toxic nature, durability at higher temperatures, and ability to withstand a wide range of pH fluctuations make microbial surfactants preferable compared to their chemical counterparts. Additionally, biosurfactants can obviate the oxidation flow by eliciting antioxidant properties, antimicrobial and anticancer activities, and drug delivery systems, further broadening their applicability in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Nowadays, biosurfactants have been broadly utilized to improve the soil quality by improving the concentration of trace elements and have either been mixed with pesticides or applied singly on the plant surfaces for plant disease management. In the present review, we summarize the latest research on microbial synthesized biosurfactant compounds, the limiting factors of biosurfactant production, their application in improving soil quality and plant disease management, and their use as antioxidant or antimicrobial compounds in the pharmaceutical industries.

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微生物生物表面活性剂：可持续农业和制药行业的新领域

在当前气候条件变化和全球人口不断增长的情况下，迫切需要探索新颖、高效、经济的天然产品以造福人类。生物表面活性剂是最新开发的微生物合成生物分子之一，已广泛应用于农业、制药、化妆品、食品加工和环境清洁行业等众多领域，作为润滑、润湿、发泡、乳液等的原材料来源。制剂，以及作为稳定分散体。生物表面活性剂的两亲性已被证明是一个巨大的优势，通过降低界面表面张力并增加疏水化合物的溶解度，将其自身分布到两个不混溶的表面中。此外，微生物表面活性剂具有生态友好性、低毒甚至无毒、高温下的耐久性以及承受大范围 pH 波动的能力，使得微生物表面活性剂比化学表面活性剂更受欢迎。此外，生物表面活性剂可以通过引发抗氧化特性、抗菌和抗癌活性以及药物输送系统来避免氧化流，从而进一步扩大其在食品和制药行业的适用性。如今，生物表面活性剂已被广泛用于通过提高微量元素的浓度来改善土壤质量，并与农药混合或单独应用于植物表面以进行植物病害防治。在本综述中，我们总结了微生物合成的生物表面活性剂化合物的最新研究、生物表面活性剂生产的限制因素、它们在改善土壤质量和植物病害管理中的应用，以及它们在制药工业中作为抗氧化剂或抗菌化合物的用途。