Background and objectives

This study replicates and extends Houle-Johnson et al.’s (2019) findings to better understand the role of feedback modality, ambiguity and social anxiety in the recognition and recall of self-relevant feedback.

Methods

Participants gave a speech and were provided with positive, negative, and ambiguous feedback via written text, (n = 33) or recorded sentences (n = 31) and later completed a recognition and recall task for the feedback.

Results

Recognition (p = .80, η_p² = 0) and recall (p = .09, η_p² = 0.08) did not differ between written or recorded feedback. All participants demonstrated a negative response bias (p < .001, η_p² = 0.22) and recalled more negative than positive feedback (p = .02, η_p² = 0.10) but were no more accurate in recognizing negative compared to positive feedback (p = .08, η_p² = 0). Although social anxiety did not impact recognition accuracy (p = .94, η_p² = 0), participants with high social anxiety demonstrated a more pronounced negative response bias (p < .01, η_p² = 0.11) and negative recall bias (p = .02, SE = 1.12) than low social anxiety participants. Moreover, the more negatively ambiguous items were perceived, the more likely they were identified old in the high social anxiety group, whereas the opposite was true for the low social anxiety group (B = .13, p < .10).

Limitations

Task believability was relatively low across all participants.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that modality does not influence memory for feedback. Moreover, social anxiety might be characterized by a negative bias in recall and response bias, but not necessarily increased accuracy in recognition of negative feedback.

中文翻译：

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无论反馈方式如何，回忆、反应偏差和识别都会受到社交焦虑的不同影响

背景和目标

本研究复制并扩展了 Houle-Johnson 等人 (2019) 的研究结果，以更好地了解反馈方式、模糊性和社交焦虑在识别和回忆自我相关反馈中的作用。

方法

参与者发表演讲并通过书面文本（n  = 33）或录制的句子（n  = 31）获得正面、负面和模棱两可的反馈，然后完成反馈的识别和回忆任务。

结果

识别（p  = .80，η _p ²  = 0）和回忆（p  = .09，η _p ²  = 0.08）在书面或记录反馈之间没有差异。所有参与者都表现出负面反应偏差 ( p  < .001, η _p ²  = 0.22) 并且回忆起更多的负面反馈而不是正面反馈 ( p  = .02, η _p ²  = 0.10)，但与正面反馈相比，在识别负面反馈方面没有更准确( p  = .08, η _p ²  = 0)。虽然社交焦虑并没有影响识别准确率（p = .94, η _p ²  = 0)，具有高度社交焦虑的参与者表现出更明显的负面反应偏差 ( p  < .01, η _p ²  = 0.11) 和负面回忆偏差 ( p  = .02, SE  = 1.12)低社交焦虑参与者。此外，感知到的负面模棱两可的项目越多，在高社交焦虑组中被识别为老的可能性就越大，而对于低社交焦虑组则相反（B  = .13，p  < .10）。

限制

所有参与者的任务可信度都相对较低。

结论

我们的研究结果表明，模态不会影响反馈的记忆。此外，社交焦虑的特征可能是回忆和反应偏见的负面偏见，但不一定会提高识别负面反馈的准确性。