Recently, the moiré superlattice structure (MSS) has garnered increasing attention thanks to its extensive research potential in condensed matter physics. However, how to create MSSs on non-van der Waals crystal plates is still elusive. In the present study, we propose a new method to prepare MSSs on the MoO₂ (010) surface by soaking MoO₂ in sulfur vapour at high temperature. MoO₂ is 2D non-layered materials and is prepared by annealing MoO₃ with sulfur vapour at 500 °C. The torsional modulation between two stacked monolayers is periodic, which provides additional freedom to change the material properties.

Under sulfur vapour, the surface atoms of MoO₂ first change from monoclinic to tetragonal crystals, and the interlayer covalent bonds are broken at the same time. Then, the top layer and buffer layer atoms of MoO₂ form the original MSS, and the top layer continue to rotate into different twisted angles. Our work provides some inspiration and reference to the preparation of MSSs on the surface of the other 2D non-van der Waals crystals.

In addition, we further compared the wettability of MSS@MoO₂ and ordinary MoO₂ powder. The results show that the surface of MSS@MoO₂ is strongly hydrophobic (approximately 140°), while that of ordinary MoO₂ is superhydrophilic (4.3°). Our results suggest that MSSs may be a potential application to change the surface wettability of materials.

最近，莫尔超晶格结构（MSS）由于其在凝聚态物理中的广泛研究潜力而受到越来越多的关注。然而，如何在非范德瓦尔斯晶体板上创建 MSS 仍然难以捉摸。在本研究中，我们提出了一种通过在高温下将 MoO ₂浸泡在硫蒸气中来在MoO ₂ (010) 表面制备 MSS 的新方法。MoO ₂是二维非层状材料，通过在 500 °C 下用硫蒸气对MoO ₃进行退火制备。两个堆叠单层之间的扭转调制是周期性的，这为改变材料特性提供了额外的自由。

在硫蒸气作用下，MoO ₂的表面原子首先由单斜晶变为四方晶，同时层间共价键断裂。然后，MoO ₂的顶层和缓冲层原子形成原始的MSS，顶层继续旋转成不同的扭曲角度。我们的工作为在其他二维非范德华晶体表面制备 MSS 提供了一些启发和参考。

此外，我们进一步比较了MSS@MoO ₂和普通MoO ₂粉末的润湿性。结果表明，MSS@MoO ₂的表面具有强疏水性（约140°），而普通MoO _{2 的表面}具有超亲水性（4.3°）。我们的结果表明，MSSs 可能是改变材料表面润湿性的潜在应用。