In recent years, researchers have gained attention in finding new strategies for alternative renewable energy resources in reducing the dependency on fossil fuel in providing energy to the world. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the most promising chemicals as it is a multi-functional compound and an intermediate compound that is beneficial in numerous chemical and fuel applications. This study provides recent progress on developing high yield and selectivity of HMF using hydrothermal reaction, emphasizing the catalytic performance efficiency of the developing structured catalysts from a technical perspective. We highlighted a few critical factors and parameters in maximizing the synthesis of HMF by selectively optimizing the desired kinetic reactions, which are hydrolysis, isomerization, and dehydration of sugars, and limiting the undesired side reactions, including HMF rehydration and depolymerization. The use of different types of microporous and mesoporous catalysts provides different HMF conversion results, and by applying few parameters, including catalyst: substrate ratio, Lewis: Brønsted acid ratio, reaction temperature, and duration of reaction, can be tunable in achieving maximum HMF yield and selectivity.

中文翻译：

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用于生产 5-羟甲基糠醛 (5-HMF) 的微孔和中孔结构催化剂

近年来，研究人员在寻找可替代可再生能源的新策略以减少对化石燃料向世界提供能源的依赖方面引起了人们的关注。5-羟甲基糠醛 (HMF) 是最有前途的化学品之一，因为它是一种多功能化合物和中间体化合物，在许多化学和燃料应用中都是有益的。本研究提供了利用水热反应开发高产率和高选择性 HMF 的最新进展，从技术角度强调了开发的结构化催化剂的催化性能效率。我们通过选择性地优化所需的动力学反应（即糖的水解、异构化和脱水），强调了最大化 HMF 合成的几个关键因素和参数，并限制不希望的副反应，包括 HMF 再水合和解聚。使用不同类型的微孔和中孔催化剂可提供不同的 HMF 转化结果，并且通过应用很少的参数，包括催化剂：底物比、路易斯：布朗斯台德酸比、反应温度和反应持续时间，可以调节以实现最大 HMF 产率和选择性。