Gallium-based liquid metal alloys are a special type of material that is in the liquid state at (or near) room temperature. They are particularly attractive due to their unique combination of a fluidic and metallic body, together with a chemically reactive and functionable surface. As a fluid, liquid metals provide the best union of stretchability, deformability, and electrical conductivity among all soft materials. Such an advantage in combination with their low toxicity and relatively good biocompatibility have imparted liquid metals with unique features that can be harnessed for versatile applications in fields such as electronics, energy, chemistry, and biomedical research. More importantly, the fluidic nature of liquid metals allows them to be readily processed using shear for making particles with variable sizes (from nm to mm), which is not possible with solid materials. These particles have a liquid metal core–solid metal oxide shell (conductor–semiconductor) structure, allowing them to merge, transform shape, change phase, respond to stimuli, and self-heal.

中文翻译：

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液态金属粒子和聚合物：具有令人兴奋的特性的软-软系统

镓基液态金属合金是一种特殊类型的材料，在（或接近）室温下处于液态。由于其流体和金属体的独特组合以及具有化学反应性和功能性的表面，它们特别有吸引力。作为一种流体，液态金属在所有软材料中提供了可拉伸性、可变形性和导电性的最佳结合。这种优势与其低毒性和相对良好的生物相容性相结合，赋予液态金属独特的特性，可用于电子、能源、化学和生物医学研究等领域的多种应用。更重要的是，液态金属的流体性质使它们可以很容易地使用剪切进行加工，以制造具有可变尺寸（从纳米到毫米）的颗粒，这对于固体材料是不可能的。这些颗粒具有液态金属核-固态金属氧化物壳（导体-半导体）结构，使它们能够合并、改变形状、改变相、对刺激做出反应并自我修复。