Purpose

COVID-19 has led to soaring unemployment rates and the widespread adoption of working-from-home (WFH) arrangements that have disrupted family relationships and adolescent psychological well-being. This longitudinal study investigated how parental employment status (i.e., job loss and WFH) influenced adolescents' daily affect indirectly through family functioning (i.e., parent-adolescent conflict and parental warmth) and whether these links varied by family's socioeconomic status.

Methods

Daily-diary approaches were used to collect dyadic parent-adolescent data from a nationwide American sample (6,524 daily assessments from 447 parent-adolescent dyads; 45% black, 36% white, 10% Latinx, 7% Asian American, 2% Native American) over the course of 15 consecutive days at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

Parents who experienced job loss demonstrated increases in parent-child conflict, which in turn predicted decreases in child positive affect and increases in child negative affect. Furthermore, parents' WFH status predicted increases in parental warmth, which in turn predicted increases in child positive affect and decreases in child negative affect. Parents of low-income families were more likely to experience job loss (24% vs. 13%) and less likely to WFH (44% vs. 73%) than middle-high income parents.

Conclusions

Adolescents from families facing economic hardship and employment shifts during COVID-19 experienced changes in parent-child relational dynamics that influenced their emotional well-being. Recognizing these shifts in family ecology is critical to health providers' ability to screen for mental health, assess existing family supports, and provide timely, targeted information about stress management and contending with family conflict.

中文翻译：

---

COVID-19 就业状况、二元家庭关系和儿童心理健康

目的

COVID-19 导致失业率飙升和在家工作 (WFH) 安排的广泛采用，这扰乱了家庭关系和青少年的心理健康。这项纵向研究调查了父母的就业状况（即失业和在家在家）如何通过家庭功能（即父母与青少年的冲突和父母的温暖）间接影响青少年的日常情感，以及这些联系是否因家庭的社会经济地位而异。

方法

采用每日日记的方法从美国全国样本中收集父母-青少年二元数据（来自 447 名父母-青少年二人组的 6,524 项每日评估；45% 黑人、36% 白人、10% 拉丁裔、7% 亚裔美国人、2% 美洲原住民）在 COVID-19 大流行开始时连续 15 天。

结果

经历过失业的父母表现出亲子冲突的增加，这反过来又预示着孩子积极情绪的减少和消极情绪的增加。此外，父母的在家办公状态预示着父母温暖的增加，这反过来又预示着孩子积极情绪的增加和消极情绪的减少。与中高收入家庭的父母相比，低收入家庭的父母更有可能失业（24% vs. 13%），在家办公的可能性较小（44% vs. 73%）。

结论

在 COVID-19 期间，来自面临经济困难和就业转变的家庭的青少年经历了亲子关系动态的变化，影响了他们的情绪健康。认识到家庭生态的这些变化对于医疗服务提供者筛查心理健康、评估现有家庭支持以及提供有关压力管理和应对家庭冲突的及时、有针对性的信息的能力至关重要。