The RSV-associated disease accounts for a significant health burden particularly in infants and young children who need to be hospitalized. Since continuous surveillance of circulating RSV genotypes is crucial worldwide, this study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of RSV circulating strains causing upper or lower acute respiratory infection. Our attention was geared towards studying the cases hospitalized or outpatient in children younger than 2 years of age in Iran during 2018/2019. In this study, nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 206 children who presented with respiratory infection symptoms, were admitted to the referral pediatric ward of Bahrami children's hospital in Tehran, Iran. RSV-positive samples were detected via Nested RT-PCR. The glycoprotein gene was sequenced, and virus genotypes were confirmed through phylogenetic analysis by the MEGA X program. A total of 74 (35.92%) samples tested positive for RSV. Among them, sequencing was done in 10 specimens from 2018 (RSV-A: RSV-B=4:6) and 19 specimens from 2019 (RSV-A: RSV-B=16:3). According to phylogenetic analysis, all RSV-A strains were assigned as ON1 genotype and RSV-B strains were assigned as BA9 genotype. A new N-glycosylation site in Iranian BA9 and positive selection in ON1 genotype was observed. Phylogenetic characterization of strains in the current study revealed co-circulation of ON1 and BA9 as the only prevalent genotypes of both RSV-A and –B groups.

RSV 相关疾病造成了重大的健康负担，特别是在需要住院的婴儿和幼儿中。由于持续监测循环 RSV 基因型在世界范围内至关重要，本研究旨在调查引起上呼吸道或下呼吸道感染的 RSV 循环毒株的遗传多样性。我们的注意力集中在研究 2018/2019 年伊朗 2 岁以下儿童的住院或门诊病例。在这项研究中，从 206 名出现呼吸道感染症状的儿童身上采集的鼻咽拭子被送往伊朗德黑兰 Bahrami 儿童医院的转诊儿科病房。通过嵌套 RT-PCR 检测 RSV 阳性样品。糖蛋白基因被测序，MEGA X程序通过系统发育分析确认了病毒基因型。共有 74 个 (35.92%) 样本的 RSV 检测呈阳性。其中，对2018年的10个标本（RSV-A：RSV-B=4:6）和2019年的19个标本（RSV-A：RSV-B=16:3）进行了测序。根据系统发育分析，所有RSV-A毒株被指定为ON1基因型，RSV-B毒株被指定为BA9基因型。观察到伊朗 BA9 中的新 N-糖基化位点和 ON1 基因型中的阳性选择。当前研究中菌株的系统发育表征揭示了 ON1 和 BA9 的共同循环是 RSV-A 和 -B 组的唯一普遍基因型。RSV-B=16:3)。根据系统发育分析，所有RSV-A毒株被指定为ON1基因型，RSV-B毒株被指定为BA9基因型。观察到伊朗 BA9 中的新 N-糖基化位点和 ON1 基因型中的阳性选择。当前研究中菌株的系统发育表征揭示了 ON1 和 BA9 的共同循环是 RSV-A 和 -B 组的唯一普遍基因型。RSV-B=16:3)。根据系统发育分析，所有RSV-A毒株被指定为ON1基因型，RSV-B毒株被指定为BA9基因型。观察到伊朗 BA9 中的新 N-糖基化位点和 ON1 基因型中的阳性选择。当前研究中菌株的系统发育表征揭示了 ON1 和 BA9 的共同循环是 RSV-A 和 -B 组的唯一普遍基因型。