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Evaluating the precariousness of coral recovery when coral and macroalgae are alternative basins of attraction
Limnology and Oceanography ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-14 , DOI: 10.1002/lno.11929
Russell J. Schmitt 1, 2 , Sally J. Holbrook 1, 2 , Andrew J. Brooks 1 , Thomas C. Adam 1
Affiliation  

When coral and macroalgae are alternative attractors, the trajectory of the benthic community following a major disturbance is shaped in part by whether herbivores keep macroalgae suppressed, leaving reef surfaces in a state suitable for coral colonization. Because macroalgae tend to colonize much faster than coral, an important issue is how close ambient herbivory is to the level where control of macroalgae is lost, that is, the precariousness of the coral-invasible state relative to the switch-point to macroalgae. In Moorea, French Polynesia, reefs dominated by the macroalga Turbinaria ornata remained so for multiple population turnovers, whereas reefs where Turbinaria was removed by a simulated pulse disturbance remained free of macroalgae throughout the 5-yr study. A field experiment revealed that macroalgae was unable to proliferate on disturbed reefs until ambient herbivory was reduced by more than 50%. Low precariousness of the coral-invasible state facilitated a gradual transition to a coral community because it allowed sufficient time for coral to repopulate. Accumulation of coral on disturbed reefs was 3.5 times greater than on undisturbed, Turbinaria-dominated reefs. Long-term persistence of the coral-invasible state was facilitated by high abundances of grazing herbivores that prevent the establishment of macroalgae, whereas persistence of the Turbinaria-dominated state reflected the scarcity of browsing herbivores that consume mature macroalgae. By revealing processes that foster bistability of coral and macroalgae states, our work helps explain the rich dynamical behavior exhibited by coral reef communities in Moorea and elsewhere.

中文翻译:

当珊瑚和大型藻类是替代的吸引力盆地时,评估珊瑚恢复的不稳定性

当珊瑚和大型藻类是替代吸引子时,在重大干扰后底栖生物群落的轨迹部分取决于食草动物是否保持大型藻类受到抑制,从而使珊瑚礁表面处于适合珊瑚定殖的状态。由于大型藻类的定殖速度往往比珊瑚快得多,一个重要的问题是环境食草动物与大型藻类失去控制的水平有多接近,即珊瑚不可入侵状态相对于大型藻类的切换点的不稳定。在法属波利尼西亚的莫雷阿岛,以巨藻Turbinaria ornata为主的珊瑚礁在多次种群更替中仍然如此,而在珊瑚礁中Turbinaria在整个 5 年的研究中,通过模拟脉冲干扰去除了海藻。一项实地实验表明,大型藻类无法在受干扰的珊瑚礁上繁殖,直到周围的食草动物减少 50% 以上。珊瑚不可入侵状态的低不稳定性促进了向珊瑚群落的逐渐过渡,因为它为珊瑚重新繁殖提供了足够的时间。受干扰的珊瑚礁上的珊瑚积累量是未受干扰的、以 Turbinaria为主的珊瑚礁的 3.5 倍。大量放牧食草动物阻止了大型藻类的建立,促进了珊瑚不可入侵状态的长期持续存在,而Turbinaria的持续存在主导状态反映了消耗成熟大型藻类的食草动物的稀缺性。通过揭示促进珊瑚和大型藻类状态双稳态的过程,我们的工作有助于解释茉莉亚岛和其他地方珊瑚礁群落所表现出的丰富动态行为。
更新日期:2021-09-14
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