This work evaluates the impacts of ambient temperature and trip characteristics on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle (EV) during road tests. The trip characteristics are here defined by the driving distance, stop time percentage and average vehicle speed. The analysis uses data collected from real-world driving of an EV in one of the most populous metropolitan regions in the UK for almost four years, using a dedicated monitoring software for real-time vehicle data processing. The results reveal that the EV specific energy consumption (SEC) increases under operation at low temperature, also showing a larger scatter. Significant changes in SEC are linked to auxiliary energy demand and trip characteristics, especially under cold temperatures. Trips complying with a real-world driving test procedure produced lower SEC than random trips at cold temperatures but showed closed values at moderate temperatures. At both cold and moderate temperature conditions the EV presented lower SEC for urban driving, in comparison with rural and motorway operation, confirming its adequacy for application in metropolitan areas. Urban EV operation at low temperatures from 0°C to 15°C has a trip range 28% lower than driving at moderate temperatures from 15°C to 25°C.

这项工作评估了道路测试期间环境温度和行程特性对电动汽车 (EV) 能耗的影响。此处的行程特性由行驶距离、停车时间百分比和平均车速定义。该分析使用了近四年来在英国人口最多的大都市区之一的电动汽车实际驾驶中收集的数据，并使用专用监控软件进行实时车辆数据处理。结果表明，在低温下运行时，电动汽车比能量消耗（SEC）增加，也显示出更大的分散性。SEC 的显着变化与辅助能源需求和跳闸特性有关，尤其是在低温下。符合实际驾驶测试程序的行程比低温下的随机行程产生的 SEC 低，但在中等温度下显示出闭合值。在寒冷和中等温度条件下，与农村和高速公路运行相比，电动汽车在城市驾驶中表现出较低的 SEC，证实了其在大都市地区的充分应用。城市电动汽车在 0°C 至 15°C 的低温下运行的行程范围比在 15°C 至 25°C 的中等温度下行驶低 28%。