The synthesis of effective heterogeneous catalysts is one of the main challenges toward hydrothermal processing of wood-derived biomass into marketable sustainable chemicals. Many of these catalysts are based on noble metals and are normally synthesized using multiple steps in time-consuming processes. Here, we have developed a one-pot catalyst synthesis method for Ni–CeO_2–x supported on carbon nanofibers. In situ H₂ production through formic acid decomposition enabled the synthesis of catalysts in their reduced form, with ceria as Ce³⁺ and presence of metallic Ni. This catalyst promoted Kraft lignin conversion in supercritical water at short reaction times with a 79 wt % yield of a bio-oil composed of nearly 69 wt % of monoaromatics. Thus, lignin breakdown was achieved without resourcing to noble metal catalysts, molecular H₂, or cosolvents, with a decrease in catalyst synthesis time and unit operations and with an attractive yield of a chemically uniform product fraction.

中文翻译：

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用一锅水热法合成的碳纳米纤维负载的 Ni-CeO2-x 催化剂将木质素转化为单芳烃

有效的多相催化剂的合成是将木材衍生的生物质水热加工成可销售的可持续化学品的主要挑战之一。许多这些催化剂基于贵金属，通常在耗时的过程中使用多个步骤合成。在这里，我们开发了一种用于碳纳米纤维负载的Ni-CeO ₂ - _x的一锅法催化剂合成方法。通过甲酸分解原位产生H ₂能够合成还原形式的催化剂，其中氧化铈作为 Ce ³⁺和金属镍的存在。该催化剂在短反应时间内促进了超临界水中的硫酸盐木质素转化，生物油的产率为 79 重量％，由近 69 重量％的单芳烃组成。因此，在不依赖贵金属催化剂、分子 H ₂或助溶剂的情况下实现了木质素分解，减少了催化剂合成时间和单元操作，并具有化学均匀产物馏分的有吸引力的产率。