Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common chronic metabolic disorders in adulthood worldwide, whose pathophysiology includes an abnormal immune response accompanied by cytokine dysregulation and inflammation. As the T2D-related inflammation and its progression were associated with the balance between pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, anticytokine treatments might represent an additional therapeutic option for T2D patients. This review focuses on existing evidence for antihyperglycemic properties of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and anticytokine agents (anti-TNF-α, anti-interleukin-(IL-) 6, -IL-1, -IL-17, -IL-23, etc.). Emphasis is placed on their molecular mechanisms and on the biological rationale for clinical use. Finally, we briefly summarize the results from experimental model studies and promising clinical trials about the potential of anticytokine therapies in T2D, discussing the effects of these drugs on systemic and islet inflammation, beta-cell function, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity.

中文翻译：

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靶向炎症细胞因子以改善 2 型糖尿病控制

2型糖尿病（T2D）是全世界成年期最常见的慢性代谢疾病之一，其病理生理学包括伴随细胞因子失调和炎症的异常免疫反应。由于 T2D 相关炎症及其进展与促炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子之间的平衡有关，因此抗细胞因子治疗可能代表 T2D 患者的额外治疗选择。本综述重点关注改善疾病的抗风湿药 (DMARDs) 和抗细胞因子药物 (anti-TNF-α) 的抗高血糖特性的现有证据。、抗白介素-(IL-) 6、-IL-1、-IL-17、-IL-23 等)。重点放在它们的分子机制和临床使用的生物学原理上。最后，我们简要总结了关于抗细胞因子治疗在 T2D 中的潜力的实验模型研究和有希望的临床试验的结果，讨论了这些药物对全身和胰岛炎症、β 细胞功能、胰岛素分泌和胰岛素敏感性的影响。