Abstract

The need for naturally occurring pharmaceutical compounds has long been a topic of interest. Azadiractin is a naturally occurring biopesticide in margosa species. Green chemistry principles are employed to conserve valuable resources and minimize ill effects on the environment. The present study reports the ultrasound-assisted extraction of the total phenolic content from Azadirachta indica leaves. The Taguchi technique was employed to optimize factors affecting the yield of the total phenolic content such as particle size (0.15–0.60 mm), temperature (25–55 °C), the solid to liquid ratio (1:20–1:50 g mL⁻¹), and irradiation time (15–60 min). The statistical analysis revealed that particle size had the most significant effect on the yield, followed by temperature, irradiation time, and the solid to liquid ratio in that order. The optimized conditions resulted in a maximum yield of 30 milligram gallic acid equivalent per gram plant material of the total phenolic content. The rate constant and effective diffusivity were determined by the first-order kinetic model and Fick’s second law of diffusion, respectively. The effective diffusivity evaluated under optimized experimental conditions was 6.85 × 10⁻¹² m² s⁻¹.

摘要

长期以来，对天然药物化合物的需求一直是人们感兴趣的话题。Azadiractin是一种天然存在于margosa物种中的生物农药。采用绿色化学原理来保护宝贵的资源并尽量减少对环境的不良影响。本研究报告了从印楝叶中超声辅助提取总酚含量的方法。采用田口技术优化影响总酚含量收率的因素，例如粒径（0.15-0.60 mm）、温度（25-55 °C）、固液比（1:20-1:50 g）毫升^-1）和照射时间（15-60 分钟）。统计分析表明，粒径对产率的影响最大，其次是温度、辐照时间和固液比。优化的条件导致每克总酚含量的植物材料的最大产量为 30 毫克没食子酸当量。速率常数和有效扩散率分别由一级动力学模型和菲克第二扩散定律确定。在优化的实验条件下评估的有效扩散率为6.85 × 10 ^-12 m ² s ^-1。