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Serum trimethylamine-N-oxide and gut microbiome alterations are associated with cholesterol deposition in the liver of laying hens fed with rapeseed meal
Animal Nutrition ( IF 6.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-14 , DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.02.008
Liping Zhu 1 , Jianping Wang 1 , Xuemei Ding 1 , Shiping Bai 1 , Qiufeng Zeng 1 , Yue Xuan 1 , Gregory S Fraley 2 , Keying Zhang 1
Affiliation  

Sinapine derived from cruciferous plants could be converted into trimethylamine by intestinal microbiota. Its metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), is closely linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and fat deposition in mammals. Hens fed with rapeseed meal (RSM) suffered from fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS). This study was conducted to investigate whether RSM-induced fatty liver is due to TMAO via altering microbiota composition and diversity. At 33 weeks of age, 600 laying hens were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups, namely control and 14% RSM treatment groups (DY5, with 16.2% erucic acid [EA] and 74.66% glucosinolate [Gl] contents; MB1, with 3.50% EA and 43.23% Gl contents; DY6, with 6.7% EA and 22.67% Gl contents; XH3, with 44.60% EA and 132.83% Gl contents) for 8 weeks. Results revealed that 3 hens died due to liver hemorrhage after ingesting 14% RSM diet. The 14% RSM decreased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) content (P < 0.01) while tended to increase serum TMAO content compared to the control group (P = 0.08). The 14% RSM diet increased red oil O optical density (P < 0.01), and increased total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C content in the liver (P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, respectively). The 14% RSM decreased liver total bile acid (TBA) content compared to the control (P < 0.01). The DY6 had a higher TBA content in the liver than the XH3 (P < 0.01). The 14% RSM decreased mRNA abundance of liver X receptors alpha (LXR-α, P = 0.01), and increased mRNA abundance of sterol response element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2, P = 0.04). Results revealed that the in-feed RSM could alter richness and diversity of cecal microbiota compared to the control (P < 0.05). Liver TC content and serum TMAO showed a negative relationship with Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria (P = 0.04). In conclusion, 14% RSM increased liver TC and induced high liver score of FLHS, which was possibly associated with the altered cecal microbiota composition, increased serum TMAO levels and LXR-α and SREBP-2 expressions.



中文翻译:

血清三甲胺-N-氧化物和肠道微生物组的改变与用菜籽粕喂养的蛋鸡肝脏中的胆固醇沉积有关

来自十字花科植物的芥子碱可以通过肠道微生物群转化为三甲胺。其代谢物三甲胺 N-氧化物 (TMAO) 与哺乳动物心血管疾病和脂肪沉积的风险增加密切相关。用菜籽粕 (RSM) 喂养的母鸡患有脂肪肝出血综合征 (FLHS)。本研究旨在通过改变微生物群组成和多样性来调查 RSM 诱导的脂肪肝是否是由 TMAO 引起的。在 33 周龄时,将 600 只蛋鸡随机分为 5 个处理组,即对照组和 14% RSM 处理组(DY5,具有 16.2% 芥酸 [EA] 和 74.66% 芥子油苷 [Gl] 含量;MB1,具有 3.50% EA 和 43.23% GI 含量;DY6,具有 6.7% EA 和 22.67% GI 含量;XH3,具有 44.60% EA 和 132.83% GI 含量)持续 8 周。结果显示,3 只母鸡在摄入 14% RSM 日粮后因肝出血死亡。14% 的 RSM 降低了血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C) 的含量(P  < 0.01)而与对照组相比有增加血清TMAO含量的趋势(P  = 0.08)。14% RSM 饮食增加了红油 O 光密度(P  < 0.01),并增加了肝脏中的总胆固醇(TC)和 LDL-C 含量(分别为P  < 0.01 和P  < 0.01)。与对照相比,14% RSM 降低了肝脏总胆汁酸 (TBA) 含量 ( P  < 0.01)。DY6 在肝脏中的 TBA 含量高于 XH3(P  < 0.01)。14% 的 RSM 降低了肝脏 X 受体 α ( LXR-α , P  = 0.01) 的 mRNA 丰度,并增加了甾醇反应元件结合蛋白 2 ( SREBP-2, P  = 0.04)。结果表明,与对照相比,饲料中的 RSM 可以改变盲肠微生物群的丰富度和多样性(P  < 0.05)。肝脏TC含量和血清TMAO与Proteobacteria和Actinobacteria呈负相关(P  = 0.04)。总之,14% RSM 增加肝脏 TC 并诱导高 FLHS 肝脏评分,这可能与改变盲肠微生物群组成、增加血清 TMAO 水平以及LXR-αSREBP-2表达有关。

更新日期:2021-10-28
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