Blockchain is a disruptive technology that is revolutionizing information technology and represents a change of cultural paradigm for the way in which information is shared. Companies are rushing to understand how they can use blockchain distributed ledger technology to innovate processes, products and transactions. In a globalized world where environmental sustainability is a critical success factor, what is the role of the blockchain? By using a systematic review approach and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, this study attempts to identify whether and how blockchain technology is considered able to affect environmental sustainability. Findings from 195 studies from 2015 to 2020 were analysed after the search protocol was applied. The results indicate that blockchain technology could contribute to environmentally sustainable development goals (SDGs) from different points of view, such as supporting the realization of a sustainable supply chain, improving energy efficiency and promoting the creation of secure and reliable smart cities. Furthermore, the investigation highlights the sectors where to focus research investments, providing a way to reward sustainable behaviour and increasing environmental sustainability. On the other hand, blockchain has no negligible negative effects on the environment that need to be considered before adoption.

中文翻译：

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区块链能否增强环境可持续性？从可持续发展目标（SDGs）的角度进行系统回顾和研究议程

区块链是一种颠覆性技术，它正在彻底改变信息技术，并代表了信息共享方式的文化范式的变化。公司急于了解如何使用区块链分布式账本技术来创新流程、产品和交易。在环境可持续性是关键成功因素的全球化世界中，区块链的作用是什么？通过使用系统审查方法和系统审查和元分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 协议，本研究试图确定区块链技术是否以及如何被认为能够影响环境可持续性。在应用搜索协议后，对 2015 年至 2020 年 195 项研究的结果进行了分析。结果表明，区块链技术可以从不同的角度为环境可持续发展目标（SDGs）做出贡献，例如支持实现可持续供应链、提高能源效率和促进创建安全可靠的智慧城市。此外，调查突出了重点研究投资的领域，提供了一种奖励可持续行为和提高环境可持续性的方法。另一方面，区块链对采用前需要考虑的环境没有可忽略的负面影响。提高能源效率并促进创建安全可靠的智慧城市。此外，调查突出了重点研究投资的领域，提供了一种奖励可持续行为和提高环境可持续性的方法。另一方面，区块链对采用前需要考虑的环境没有可忽略的负面影响。提高能源效率并促进创建安全可靠的智慧城市。此外，调查突出了重点研究投资的领域，提供了一种奖励可持续行为和提高环境可持续性的方法。另一方面，区块链对采用前需要考虑的环境没有可忽略的负面影响。