Orthodontic tooth movement is based on the remodeling of tooth-surrounding tissues in response to mechanical stimuli. During this process, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) play a central role in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. Various in vitro models have been introduced to investigate the effect of tension on hPDLCs. They provide a valuable body of knowledge on how tension influences relevant genes, proteins, and metabolites. However, no systematic review summarizing these findings has been conducted so far. Aim of this systematic review was to identify all related in vitro studies reporting tension application on hPDLCs and summarize their findings regarding force parameters, including magnitude, frequency and duration. Expression data of genes, proteins, and metabolites was extracted and summarized. Studies' risk of bias was assessed using tailored risk of bias tools. Signaling pathways were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using STRING and GeneAnalytics. According to our results, Flexcell Strain Unit® and other silicone-plate or elastic membrane-based apparatuses were mainly adopted. Frequencies of 0.1 and 0.5 Hz were predominantly applied for dynamic equibiaxial and uniaxial tension, respectively. Magnitudes of 10 and 12% were mostly employed for dynamic tension and 2.5% for static tension. The 10 most commonly investigated genes, proteins and metabolites identified, were mainly involved in osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis or inflammation. Gene-set enrichment analysis and PPI networks gave deeper insight into the involved signaling pathways. This review represents a brief summary of the massive body of knowledge in this field, and will also provide suggestions for future researches on this topic.

中文翻译：

---

张力对人牙周膜细胞的影响：系统评价和网络分析。

正畸牙齿移动基于响应机械刺激的牙齿周围组织的重塑。在此过程中，人类牙周膜细胞 (hPDLCs) 在机械感应和机械转导中发挥核心作用。已经引入了各种体外模型来研究张力对 hPDLCs 的影响。它们提供了关于张力如何影响相关基因、蛋白质和代谢物的宝贵知识体系。然而，到目前为止，还没有对这些发现进行总结的系统评价。本系统评价的目的是确定所有报告对 hPDLCs 施加张力的相关体外研究，并总结他们关于力参数的发现，包括幅度、频率和持续时间。提取和总结基因、蛋白质和代谢物的表达数据。学习' 使用定制的偏倚风险工具评估偏倚风险。信号通路使用 STRING 和 GeneAnalytics 通过蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用 (PPI) 网络进行鉴定。根据我们的研究结果，主要采用 Flexcell Strain Unit® 和其他基于硅胶板或弹性膜的设备。0.1 和 0.5 Hz 的频率分别主要用于动态等双轴和单轴张力。10% 和 12% 的幅度主要用于动态张力和 2.5% 的静态张力。确定的 10 个最常研究的基因、蛋白质和代谢物主要与成骨、破骨细胞发生或炎症有关。基因集富集分析和 PPI 网络让我们更深入地了解所涉及的信号通路。