Developmental Cell ( IF 11.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.08.012 Benjamin Steventon 1 , Lara Busby 1 , Alfonso Martinez Arias 2
A striking property of vertebrate embryos is the emergence of a conserved body plan across a wide range of organisms through the process of gastrulation. As the body plan unfolds, gene regulatory networks (GRNs) and multicellular interactions (cell regulatory networks, CRNs) combine to generate a conserved set of morphogenetic events that lead to the phylotypic stage. Interrogation of these multilevel interactions requires manipulation of the mechanical environment, which is difficult in vivo. We review recent studies of stem cell models of early embryogenesis from different species showing that, independent of species origin, cells in culture form similar structures. The main difference between embryos and in vitro models is the boundary conditions of the multicellular ensembles. We discuss these observations and suggest that the mechanical and geometric boundary conditions of different embryos before gastrulation hide a morphogenetic ground state that is revealed in the stem-cell-based models of embryo development.
中文翻译:
脊椎动物体计划的建立:通过早期胚胎发生的干细胞模型重新思考原肠胚形成
脊椎动物胚胎的一个显着特性是通过原肠胚形成过程在各种生物体中出现了保守的身体计划。随着身体计划的展开,基因调控网络 (GRNs) 和多细胞相互作用(细胞调控网络,CRNs)结合产生一组保守的形态发生事件,导致系统发育阶段。对这些多层次相互作用的询问需要操纵机械环境,这在体内是困难的。我们回顾了最近对来自不同物种的早期胚胎发生的干细胞模型的研究表明,独立于物种起源,培养中的细胞形成相似的结构。胚胎与体外的主要区别模型是多细胞系综的边界条件。我们讨论了这些观察结果,并建议原肠胚形成前不同胚胎的机械和几何边界条件隐藏了基于干细胞的胚胎发育模型中揭示的形态发生基态。