N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) RNA methylation is a reversible posttranscriptional modification in eukaryotes involving three types of functional proteins: “writers”, “erasers”, and “readers”. m⁶A regulates the metabolism of messenger RNAs and noncoding RNAs through RNA structure, splicing, stability, export, and translation, thereby participating in various physiological and pathological processes. Here, we summarize the current state of m⁶A methylation researches, focusing on how these modifications modulate the fate decisions of innate and adaptive immune cells and regulate immune responses in immune-associated diseases, including viral infections and cancer. These studies showed that m⁶A modifications and m⁶A modifying proteins play a critical role in pathogen recognition, immune cell activation, immune cell fate decisions, and immune reactions. m⁶A is a novel regulator of immune system homeostasis and activation.

中文翻译：

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N6-甲基腺苷 RNA 甲基化：免疫细胞发育和功能的新调节剂

N ⁶ -甲基腺苷 (m ⁶ A) RNA 甲基化是真核生物中一种可逆的转录后修饰，涉及三种类型的功能蛋白：“写入者”、“擦除者”和“读取者”。m ⁶ A 通过 RNA 的结构、剪接、稳定性、输出和翻译调节信使 RNA 和非编码 RNA 的代谢，从而参与各种生理和病理过程。在这里，我们总结了 m ⁶ A 甲基化研究的现状，重点关注这些修饰如何调节先天性和适应性免疫细胞的命运决定，并调节免疫相关疾病（包括病毒感染和癌症）中的免疫反应。这些研究表明，m ⁶ A 修饰和 m⁶ A 修饰蛋白在病原体识别、免疫细胞激活、免疫细胞命运决定和免疫反应中发挥关键作用。m ⁶ A 是一种新型的免疫系统稳态和激活调节剂。