Polymer nanocomposites with excellent physical and chemical properties and multifunctional performance have been widely used in various fields. Biaxial stretching is not only an advanced film manufacturing process, but also a deformation mode in other processing methods such as blow film extrusion and thermoforming. In recent research, high-performance polymer nanocomposites have been fabricated via sequential and simultaneous biaxial stretching. This fabrication method enhances the mechanical properties, optical performance, and thermal properties of polymer nanocomposites by changing the structure or orientation of materials during the process of stretching. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for use in optimizing material performance and preparing thin films with excellent properties in the packaging industry. With the emergence of new materials and technologies, polymer nanocomposites prepared by biaxial stretching have demonstrated multifunctional properties and their range of applications has further expanded. In this mini-review, the effect of biaxial stretching on the structure and properties of nanocomposites based on various nanofillers is discussed and applications are summarized. In addition, the challenges and future prospects of this technology are analyzed. The presented work will be beneficial for improving preparation processes and improving future research for the production of high-performance polymer nanocomposites.

聚合物纳米复合材料具有优异的物理化学性能和多功能性能，已广泛应用于各个领域。双轴拉伸不仅是一种先进的薄膜制造工艺，也是吹膜挤出、热成型等其他加工方法中的一种变形方式。在最近的研究中，已经制造出高性能聚合物纳米复合材料通过顺序和同时双轴拉伸。这种制备方法通过在拉伸过程中改变材料的结构或取向来提高聚合物纳米复合材料的机械性能、光学性能和热性能。因此，它特别适用于优化材料性能和制备具有优异性能的包装行业的薄膜。随着新材料和新技术的出现，双轴拉伸制备的聚合物纳米复合材料显示出多功能特性，其应用范围进一步扩大。在这篇小型综述中，讨论了双轴拉伸对基于各种纳米填料的纳米复合材料的结构和性能的影响，并总结了其应用。此外，分析了这项技术的挑战和未来前景。所提出的工作将有利于改进制备工艺和改进高性能聚合物纳米复合材料的未来研究。