In this paper, a review on the three most important communication techniques (ground, aerial, and underwater vehicles) has been presented that throws light on trajectory planning, its optimization, and various issues in a summarized way. This kind of extensive research is not often seen in the literature, so an effort has been made for readers interested in path planning to fill the gap. Moreover, optimization techniques suitable for implementing ground, aerial, and underwater vehicles are also a part of this review. This paper covers the numerical, bio-inspired techniques and their hybridization with each other for each of the dimensions mentioned. The paper provides a consolidated platform, where plenty of available research on-ground autonomous vehicle and their trajectory optimization with the extension for aerial and underwater vehicles are documented.

中文翻译：

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路径规划和优化技术综合回顾：技术前景和未来方向

在本文中，对三种最重要的通信技术（地面、空中和水下航行器）进行了回顾，以总结的方式阐明了轨迹规划、其优化和各种问题。这种广泛的研究在文献中并不常见，因此已经为对路径规划感兴趣的读者做出了努力来填补空白。此外，适用于实施地面、空中和水下航行器的优化技术也是本次审查的一部分。本文涵盖了数值、仿生技术以及它们在提到的每个维度上的相互融合。该论文提供了一个统一的平台，