Applied Nanoscience ( IF 3.869 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02046-5 Asif Afzal 1 , R. K. Abdul Razak 1 , Ümit Ağbulut 2 , Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar 3 , Abdulrajak Buradi 4 , C. Ahamed Saleel 5
The effect of the addition of different proportions of silver (Ag) nanoparticles and alcohols in milk scum oil methyl ester on the performance of engine and emission are studied. B20 blend is added with 5% of ethanol, n-butanol, and iso-butanol as ternary additives for the experimental analysis from no load to full load. Furthermore, at a fixed load, operating conditions such as injection pressure (12 and 15 bar) and injection timing (23° and 26°) are varied without and with the addition of 0.8 vol% of Ag (silver) nanoparticles to the fuel blends. Also, the concentrations of Ag nanoparticles are increased from 0.2 to 1 vol% and comparisons are made with diesel and B60 blend. Mathematical models are developed for selected features of engine performance which fits with the experimental values for the purpose of optimization using the Dragon fly algorithm (DA) by considering these models as the objective functions. The concentration of nanoparticles lowers the BSFC significantly and helps in reducing the emission with an increased percentage. Using full biodiesel, 16.6% reduction in BTE was obtained, while use of alcohols prevented this reduction approximately by 5%. A highest of 4.6% improvement was obtained with the addition of Ag nanoparticles. 4.5% reduction in HC and 13% in NOx emission using nanoparticles are obtained. The DA algorithm provided the same optimized value at the end of 30 iterations in different cycles of execution. Nanoparticle addition and use of pressure in the range of 20 bar gives the lowest emission from the engine.
中文翻译:
浮渣油甲酯、醇、银纳米颗粒的混合物以及影响柴油发动机性能和排放的运行条件:使用蜻蜓算法的优化研究
研究了在乳渣油甲酯中添加不同比例的银(Ag)纳米颗粒和醇对发动机性能和排放的影响。B20 混合物添加了 5% 的乙醇,n-丁醇和异丁醇作为三元添加剂用于从空载到满载的实验分析。此外,在固定负载下,喷射压力(12 和 15 巴)和喷射正时(23° 和 26°)等操作条件会在不添加和添加 0.8 vol% 的 Ag(银)纳米颗粒到燃料混合物的情况下发生变化. 此外,Ag 纳米颗粒的浓度从 0.2 vol% 增加到 1 vol%,并与柴油和 B60 混合物进行了比较。数学模型是针对发动机性能的选定特征开发的,这些特征与实验值相匹配,以通过将这些模型作为目标函数使用蜻蜓算法 (DA) 进行优化。纳米粒子的浓度显着降低了 BSFC,并有助于以增加的百分比减少排放。使用全生物柴油,BTE 降低了 16.6%,而使用酒精阻止了这种降低约 5%。添加 Ag 纳米粒子后获得了 4.6% 的最高改进。HC 减少 4.5%,NO 减少 13%获得使用纳米粒子的x发射。DA 算法在不同执行周期的 30 次迭代结束时提供相同的优化值。添加纳米颗粒并使用 20 巴范围内的压力可实现发动机的最低排放。