Infiltration is a facile, effective, and intuitive fabrication technique that provides nanostructured surfaces for electrodes and catalysts. This review article systematically summarizes the principles, detailed parameters, and synthesis strategies of the penetration techniques. Detailed parameters of scaffold preparation, precursor penetration, and heat treatment are covered, and strategies for a precise control of materials design are provided. Subsequently, recent reports demonstrating the versatile applications of infiltration techniques to energy conversion and storage devices, including solid oxide fuel cells, solid oxide electrolysis cells, and rechargeable battery cells are provided. Finally, the review concludes with our perspective on the future outlook of the infiltration technique. We expect that this comprehensive review will be a guide to designing a variety of materials with careful control of the infiltration methods and simultaneously applying these materials to various energy devices, paving new directions in a broad area of research.

中文翻译：

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能量转换和存储设备渗透技术综述：从基础到应用

渗透是一种简便、有效且直观的制造技术，可为电极和催化剂提供纳米结构表面。这篇综述文章系统地总结了渗透技术的原理、详细参数和合成策略。涵盖了支架制备、前体渗透和热处理的详细参数，并提供了精确控制材料设计的策略。随后，提供了最近的报告，展示了渗透技术在能量转换和存储设备中的多功能应用，包括固体氧化物燃料电池、固体氧化物电解电池和可充电电池。最后，回顾总结了我们对渗透技术未来前景的看法。