Cannabis is widely used for both recreational and medicinal purposes on a global scale. There is accumulating interest in the use of cannabis and its constituents for athletic recovery, and in some instances, performance. Amidst speculation of potential beneficial applications, the effects of cannabis and its two most abundant constituents, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), remain largely un-investigated. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the literature describing the effects of whole cannabis, THC, and CBD, on athletic performance and recovery. While investigations of whole cannabis and THC have generally shown either null or detrimental effects on exercise performance in strength and aerobic-type activities, studies of sufficient rigor and validity to conclusively declare ergogenic or ergolytic potential in athletes are lacking. The ability of cannabis and THC to perturb cardiovascular homeostasis warrants further investigation regarding mechanisms by which performance may be affected across different exercise modalities and energetic demands. In contrast to cannabis and THC, CBD has largely been scrutinized for its potential to aid in recovery. The beneficial effects of CBD on sleep quality, pain, and mild traumatic brain injury may be of particular interest to certain athletes. However, research in each of these respective areas has yet to be thoroughly investigated in athletic populations. Elucidating the effects of whole cannabis, THC, and CBD is pertinent for both researchers and practitioners given the widespread use of these products, and their potential to interact with athletes’ performance and recovery.

大麻在全球范围内广泛用于娱乐和医疗目的。人们对使用大麻及其成分进行运动恢复以及在某些情况下的表现越来越感兴趣。在对潜在有益应用的猜测中，大麻及其两种最丰富的成分 delta-9-四氢大麻酚 (THC) 和大麻二酚 (CBD) 的作用在很大程度上仍未得到研究。本综述的目的是批判性地评估描述全大麻、THC 和 CBD 对运动表现和恢复的影响的文献。虽然对整个大麻和四氢大麻酚的调查通常表明对力量和有氧运动的运动表现没有影响或有害影响，缺乏足够严谨和有效性的研究来最终宣布运动员的增效或增效潜力。大麻和四氢大麻酚扰乱心血管稳态的能力值得进一步研究不同运动方式和能量需求可能影响表现的机制。与大麻和 THC 相比，CBD 在很大程度上因其有助于恢复的潜力而受到审查。CBD 对睡眠质量、疼痛和轻度创伤性脑损伤的有益影响可能是某些运动员特别感兴趣的。然而，这些各自领域的研究尚未在运动人群中进行彻底调查。鉴于这些产品的广泛使用，阐明整个大麻、THC 和 CBD 的影响对于研究人员和从业人员来说都是相关的，