Demand for seafood products is increasing worldwide, contributing to ever more complex supply chains and posing challenges to trace their origin and guarantee legal, well-managed, sustainable sources from confirmed locations. While DNA-based methods have proven to be reliable in verifying seafood authenticity at the species level, the verification of geographic origin remains inherently more complex. Both genetic and stable isotope analyses have been employed for determining point-of-origin with varying degrees of success, highlighting that their application can be effective when the right tool is selected for a given application. Developing an a priori prediction of their discrimination power for different applications can help avoid the financial cost of developing inappropriate reference datasets. Here, we reviewed the application of both techniques to seafood point-of-origin for 63 commercial finfish species certified by the Marine Stewardship Council, and showed that, even for those species where baseline data exist, real applications are scarce. To fill these gaps, we synthesised current knowledge on biological and biogeochemical mechanisms that underpin spatial variations in genetic and isotopic signatures. We describe which species’ biological and distribution traits are most helpful in predicting effectiveness of each tool. Building on this, we applied a mechanistic approach to predicting the potential for successful validation of origin to three case study fisheries, using combined genetic and isotopic methodologies to distinguish individuals from certified versus non-certified regions. Beyond ecolabelling applications, the framework we describe could be reproduced by governments and industries to select the most cost-effective techniques.

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中文翻译：

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使用 DNA 和稳定同位素特征进行海鲜原产地检测的未来

全球对海产品的需求不断增加，导致供应链变得越来越复杂，并为追溯其来源和保证来自已确认地点的合法、管理良好、可持续的来源提出了挑战。虽然基于 DNA 的方法已被证明在物种层面验证海鲜真实性方面是可靠的，但地理来源的验证本质上仍然更加复杂。已采用遗传和稳定同位素分析来确定起源点，并取得了不同程度的成功，这表明当为给定应用选择正确的工具时，它们的应用可能是有效的。对不同应用程序的区分能力进行先验预测有助于避免开发不合适的参考数据集的财务成本。这里，我们审查了这两种技术在海洋管理委员会认证的 63 种商业有鳍鱼类的海鲜原产地点的应用，并表明，即使对于那些存在基线数据的物种，实际应用也很少。为了填补这些空白，我们综合了目前关于支持遗传和同位素特征空间变化的生物和生物地球化学机制的知识。我们描述了哪些物种的生物学和分布特征最有助于预测每个工具的有效性。在此基础上，我们应用了一种机械方法来预测三个案例研究渔业成功验证原产地的可能性，使用组合的遗传和同位素方法将个体与认证区域和非认证区域区分开来。除了生态标签应用，

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