The Covid-19 pandemic represents a low-probability, high-impact systemic risk that has severely disrupted international trade, reshaping the patterns of globalization. Drawing from the concept of supply chain resilience, which involves both the ability of a system to withstand an impact (robustness) and recover from it (responsiveness), we investigate country-level trade resilience during the 1st wave of the pandemic. By employing Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), we identify configurations of country-level factors, i.e., country profiles, based on their effectiveness in engendering trade resilience. These factors include social and economic globalization, logistics performance, healthcare preparedness, national government response, and income level. The results show how these factors coalesced to strengthen (or weaken) international trade resilience, contributing to a holistic understanding of the impact of the pandemic on international trade. The findings inform the post-Covid-19 debate on international trade, with implications for managers and policymakers.

Covid-19 大流行代表了一种低概率、高影响的系统性风险，严重扰乱了国际贸易，重塑了全球化模式。根据供应链弹性的概念，该概念涉及系统承受冲击的能力（稳健性）和从中恢复的能力（响应性），我们调查了第一波大流行期间国家层面的贸易弹性。通过使用模糊集定性比较分析 (fsQCA)，我们确定了国家层面因素的配置，即，国家概况，基于它们在产生贸易弹性方面的有效性。这些因素包括社会和经济全球化、物流绩效、医疗准备、国家政府的反应和收入水平。结果显示了这些因素如何联合起来加强（或削弱）国际贸易弹性，有助于全面了解大流行对国际贸易的影响。调查结果为 Covid-19 后关于国际贸易的辩论提供了信息，对管理者和决策者产生了影响。