Cognitive impairments are characteristics of patients with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and hypoperfusion is currently a relatively recognized mechanism of WMHs. Brain activity is closely coupled to the regulation of local blood flow. This study aimed to investigate the abnormal local brain activity of patients with WMHs from the viewpoint of the static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (sALFF) and dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF). Seventy-four patients with WMHs and 35 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Based on the Fazekas scale, patients with WMHs were further divided into a mild WMH group (n = 33, Fazekas score 1–2) and moderate-severe WMH group (n = 41, Fazekas score 3–6). The sALFF and dALFF values were calculated separately and neuropsychological tests including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Trail Making Test (TMT), and Boston Naming Test (BNT) were completed by all participants. Patients with WMHs showed increased sALFF and dALFF values in the bilateral thalamus and decreased performance in the MoCA test, AVLT-immediate, AVLT-delay, AVLT-recognition, TMT-A, and BNT. The dALFF values in the bilateral thalamus was correlated with the MoCA in HCs. The sALFF values in the bilateral thalamus correlated with TMT-B in patients with WMHs. Patients with WMHs showed abnormal brain activity and decreased functional stability of the bilateral thalamus, which may be a potential mechanism of decreased executive function.

中文翻译：

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从低频波动幅度的静态和动态角度看白质高信号患者的执行功能下降

认知障碍是白质高信号 (WMHs) 患者的特征，而低灌注是目前相对公认的 WMHs 机制。大脑活动与局部血流的调节密切相关。本研究旨在从低频波动的静态幅值（sALFF）和低频波动的动态幅值（dALFF）的角度探讨WMHs患者局部脑活动异常。包括 74 名 WMH 患者和 35 名健康对照 (HC)。根据 Fazekas 量表，WMH 患者进一步分为轻度 WMH 组（n  = 33，Fazekas 评分 1-2）和中重度 WMH 组（n = 41，法泽卡斯得分 3–6）。sALFF 和 dALFF 值分别计算，所有参与者完成了包括蒙特利尔认知评估 (MoCA)、听觉语言学习测试 (AVLT)、跟踪测试 (TMT) 和波士顿命名测试 (BNT) 在内的神经心理学测试。WMH 患者的双侧丘脑 sALFF 和 dALFF 值增加，而 MoCA 测试、AVLT 立即、AVLT 延迟、AVLT 识别、TMT-A 和 BNT 的表现下降。双侧丘脑中的 dALFF 值与 HC 中的 MoCA 相关。WMH 患者双侧丘脑 sALFF 值与 TMT-B 相关。WMHs患者大脑活动异常，双侧丘脑功能稳定性下降，这可能是执行功能下降的潜在机制。