The sources of groundwater salinization, as well as the recharge modes in the Essaouira coastal aquifer, were investigated using a multi-assessment approach that combines hydrogeochemical, multivariate statistical, and isotopic analyses along with geostatistical and remote sensing tools. The multivariate statistical assessment reveals three types of parameters inducing groundwater degradation in the studied aquifer: (1) natural parameters (Na, Cl, NO₃, HCO₃, Ca, SO₄, K, and Mg), (2) the anthropogenic impact represented by NO₃, and (3) the processes controlling HCO₃ concentration in groundwater. The hydrogeochemical analyses denote the predominance of Ca-Mg-Cl and Na-Cl chemical facies and implicate a multitude of processes that induce groundwater mineralization in the Essaouira coastal aquifer. The stable isotope analyses identify recharge modes, and reveal a recharge dilution effect on groundwater quality close to the river. The interpretation of nitrate levels associated with different land uses suggests that domestic sewer leakage and livestock activities are the major sources of nitrate pollution in the studied aquifer. The adopted multi-assessment approach reveals the complexity and the interconnectivity between the different processes controlling groundwater quality in the Essaouira coastal aquifer.

使用综合水文地球化学、多元统计和同位素分析以及地质统计和遥感工具的多重评估方法研究了地下水盐渍化的来源以及索维拉沿海含水层的补给模式。多元统计评估揭示了研究含水层中引起地下水退化的三类参数：（1）自然参数（Na、Cl、NO ₃、HCO ₃、Ca、SO ₄、K 和 Mg），（2）人为影响由 NO ₃表示，和 (3) 控制 HCO ₃的过程地下水中的浓度。水文地球化学分析表明 Ca-Mg-Cl 和 Na-Cl 化学相占优势，并涉及导致索维拉沿海含水层地下水矿化的多种过程。稳定同位素分析确定补给模式，并揭示补给稀释对靠近河流的地下水质量的影响。对与不同土地利用相关的硝酸盐水平的解释表明，家庭下水道泄漏和牲畜活动是所研究含水层中硝酸盐污染的主要来源。所采用的多重评估方法揭示了控制索维拉沿海含水层地下水质量的不同过程之间的复杂性和相互关联性。