Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) is an important environmental factor contributing to human disease burden. In Bangkok Metropolitan Region, concentrations of PM_2.5 continuously exceed the World Health Organization standards. To mitigate this, Thailand's Pollution Control Department introduced a number of operating guidelines. In this study, these guidelines were assessed for their effectiveness by estimating the health and associated economic benefits gained as compared to a Business-As-Usual scenario. Total emissions of primary PM_2.5 and secondary PM_2.5 precursors were estimated using the approach suggested by Thailand's Pollution Control Department and the European Environmental Agency. Related health burden for each scenario was then calculated following an approach based on impact characterization factors, which have been adapted for Thai-spatially differentiated conditions. Our results show that in 2029, retrofitting vehicles with diesel particulate filters and adopting 10 ppm sulfur fuels would lead to annual benefits of 14 billion Thai Baht, while upgrading new vehicle standards to EURO 5 and 6 would yield annual benefits of 9 billion Thai Baht. In contrast, the increase in numbers of e-cars and e-buses were predicted to result in smaller annual benefits of only 2 billion and 300 million Thai Baht, respectively. The outcomes of the study are scenario rankings which differ between the year 2024 and 2029. Emissions from upstream production of fuels and electricity were additionally considered, leading to increasing total health damages and altering the scenario rankings. Results from this study would benefit policy-makers in evaluating and determining the most effective strategies to reduce PM_2.5 from road transport.

细颗粒物 (PM _2.5 ) 是导致人类疾病负担的重要环境因素。在曼谷都市区，PM _{2.5 的}浓度持续超过世界卫生组织的标准。为了缓解这种情况，泰国污染控制部门引入了一些操作指南。在本研究中，通过估算与“照常营业”情景相比所获得的健康和相关经济利益，评估了这些指南的有效性。一次 PM _2.5和二次 PM _{2.5 的}总排放量前体是使用泰国污染控制部和欧洲环境署建议的方法估算的。然后按照基于影响特征因素的方法计算每种情景的相关健康负担，这些因素已针对泰国空间差异化条件进行了调整。我们的结果显示，到 2029 年，为车辆改装配备柴油微粒过滤器并采用 10 ppm 含硫量燃料，每年将带来 140 亿泰铢的收益，而将新车辆标准升级到 5 欧元和 6 欧元将产生每年 90 亿泰铢的收益。相比之下，预计电动汽车和电动巴士数量的增加将带来较小的年度收益，分别仅为 20 亿泰铢和 3 亿泰铢。该研究的结果是 2024 年和 2029 年之间不同的情景排名。额外考虑了上游燃料和电力生产的排放，导致总健康损害增加并改变情景排名。这项研究的结果将有利于决策者评估和确定减少 PM 的最有效策略_2.5从公路运输。