We draw on cognitive-motivational-relational theory to build a theoretical model outlining how speaking up affects voicers’ emotions and subsequent social behavior. Across three studies—an experimental pilot study, a daily within-person study of employee–coworker dyads, and a preregistered experiment—we test our proposal that promotive voice elicits pride due to a sense of social accomplishment, whereas prohibitive voice elicits anxiety due to a sense of social uncertainty. We demonstrate that these feelings of pride and anxiety have diverging effects on voicers’ tendency to withdraw from social interaction during the rest of the day. In turn, these diverging effects on voicers’ interpersonal avoidance influence voicers’ daily interpersonal citizenship behaviors. We further propose that recipients of voice have the potential to “hijack” voicers’ affective appraisals in a manner that can amplify or attenuate their emotional reactions and subsequent social behavior. Our results disentangle the complex experience of speaking up and provide novel insights into how voicers and organizations can maximize the benefits of voice while minimizing its harmful social side effects.

中文翻译：

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声音的社会余震：员工发声后情感和人际反应的调查

我们利用认知-动机-关系理论建立了一个理论模型，概述了说出来如何影响发声者的情绪和随后的社会行为。在三项研究中——一项实验性的试点研究、一项对员工-同事二人组的日常内部研究，以及一项预先注册的实验——我们测试了我们的建议，即鼓励性的声音会因社会成就感而引起自豪感，而禁止性的声音会因以下原因引起焦虑一种社会的不确定感。我们证明，这些自豪感和焦虑感对发声者在一天的其余时间退出社交互动的倾向有不同的影响。反过来，这些对发声者人际回避的不同影响会影响发声者的日常人际公民行为。我们进一步提出，声音的接收者有可能以一种可以放大或减弱他们的情绪反应和随后的社会行为的方式“劫持”发声者的情感评估。我们的结果解决了发声的复杂体验，并为发声者和组织如何最大限度地发挥发声的好处，同时最大限度地减少其有害的社会副作用提供了新颖的见解。