Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, circular RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs, are important regulators of normal biological processes and their abnormal expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases including depression. Multiple studies have demonstrated a significantly increased or reduced ncRNAs expression in depressed patients compared with healthy subjects and that antidepressant therapy can alter the aberrant expression of ncRNAs in depressed patients. Although the existing evidence is important, it is also mixed and a comprehensive review to guide an effective clinical translation is lacking. Focused on human research, this review summarizes clinical findings of ncRNAs in depression, including those in brain tissues and peripheral samples. We outlined the characteristics and functions of ncRNAs and highlighted their performance in the diagnosis and treatment of depression. Although their precise roles in depression remain uncertain, ncRNAs have shown potential value as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy in depressed patients.

非编码RNAs（ncRNAs）包括microRNAs、环状RNAs和长链非编码RNAs，是正常生物过程的重要调节因子，其异常表达可能参与了包括抑郁症在内的人类疾病的发病机制。多项研究表明，与健康受试者相比，抑郁症患者的 ncRNA 表达显着增加或减少，并且抗抑郁治疗可以改变抑郁症患者 ncRNA 的异常表达。尽管现有的证据很重要，但它也是混杂的，缺乏指导有效临床转化的综合评价。本综述侧重于人类研究，总结了 ncRNA 在抑郁症中的临床发现，包括脑组织和外周样本中的临床发现。我们概述了 ncRNA 的特征和功能，并强调了它们在抑郁症诊断和治疗中的表现。尽管它们在抑郁症中的确切作用仍不确定，但 ncRNA 已显示出作为抑郁症患者诊断和治疗的生物标志物的潜在价值。