Intergroup conflict can be modeled as a two-level game of strategy in which prosociality can take the form of trust and cooperation within groups or between groups. We review recent work, from our own laboratory and that of others, that shows how biological and sociocultural mechanisms that promote prosocial preferences and beliefs create in-group bounded, parochial cooperation, and, sometimes, parochial competition. We show when and how parochial cooperation and competition intensify rather than mitigate intergroup conflict.

中文翻译：

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亲社会性是群体间冲突的基础

群体间冲突可以建模为两级策略游戏，其中亲社会性可以采取群体内部或群体之间的信任和合作的形式。我们回顾了我们自己实验室和其他实验室最近的工作，这些工作展示了促进亲社会偏好和信仰的生物和社会文化机制如何创造群体内有界的、狭隘的合作，有时甚至是狭隘的竞争。我们展示了狭隘的合作和竞争何时以及如何加剧而不是减轻群体间的冲突。