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Cerebral SPECT imaging with different acquisition schemes using varying levels of multiplexing versus sensitivity in an adaptive multi-pinhole brain-dedicated scanner
Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express Pub Date : 2021-09-22 , DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac25c3
Navid Zeraatkar 1, 2 , Kesava S Kalluri 1 , Benjamin Auer 1 , Micaehla May 3 , R Garrett Richards 3 , Lars R Furenlid 3, 4 , Phillip H Kuo 4 , Michael A King 1
Affiliation  

Application of multi-pinhole collimator in pinhole-based SPECT increases detection sensitivity. The presence of multiplexing in projection images due to the usage of multiple pinholes can further improve the sensitivity at the cost of adding data ambiguity. We are developing a next-generation adaptive brain-dedicated SPECT system –AdaptiSPECT-C. The AdaptiSPECT-C can adapt the multiplexing level and system sensitivity using adaptable pinhole modules. In this study, we investigated the performance of 4 data acquisition schemes with different multiplexing levels and sensitivities on cerebral SPECT imaging. Schemes #1, #2, and #3 have <1%, 67%, and 31% overall multiplexing, respectively, while the 4th scheme without multiplexing is considered as ground truth. The ground-truth and schemes #1–3 have 1.0, 1.7, 5.1, and 4.0 times higher sensitivity, respectively, compared to a dual-headed parallel-hole SPECT system at matched spatial resolution. A customized XCAT brain perfusion digital phantom emulating the distribution of I-123 N-isopropyl iodoamphetamine (IMP) in a 99th percentile size male was used for simulations. Data acquisition for each scheme was performed at two count levels (low-count and high-count relative to the recommended clinical count level). The normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) for schemes #1, #2, and #3 with the low-count (high-count) scenario showed 11%, 4%, and 5% (10%, 5%, and 6%) deviation, respectively, from that of the multiplex-free ground truth. For both the low-count and high-count scenarios, scheme #1 resulted in the least accurate activity ratio (AR) for almost all the analyzed gray-matter brain regions. Further schemes #2 or #3 led to the most accurate AR values with both low-count and high-count scenarios for all the analyzed gray-matter regions. It was thus observed that even with this large head size which leads to significant multiplexing levels, the higher sensitivity from multiplexing could to some extent mitigate the data ambiguity and be translated into reconstructed images of higher quality.



中文翻译:

在自适应多针孔脑专用扫描仪中使用不同水平的多路复用与灵敏度进行不同采集方案的脑 SPECT 成像

多针孔准直器在基于针孔的 SPECT 中的应用提高了检测灵敏度。由于使用多个针孔而在投影图像中存在多路复用可以进一步提高灵敏度,但会增加数据的模糊性。我们正在开发下一代自适应大脑专用SPECT系统——AdaptiSPECT-C。AdaptiSPECT-C 可以使用自适应针孔模块来调整多路复用级别和系统灵敏度。在这项研究中,我们研究了 4 种具有不同复用水平和敏感性的数据采集方案对脑 SPECT 成像的性能。方案#1、#2 和#3 的总体复用率分别<1%、67% 和31%,而没有复用的第4 个方案被认为是基本事实。地面实况和方案#1-3 的灵敏度分别高出 1.0、1.7、5.1 和 4.0 倍,分别与匹配空间分辨率的双头平行孔SPECT系统相比。使用定制的 XCAT 脑灌注数字体模模拟 I-123 N-异丙基碘安非他明 (IMP) 在 99% 大小的男性中的分布。每个方案的数据采集在两个计数水平(相对于推荐的临床计数水平的低计数和高计数)进行。方案 #1、#2 和 #3 与低计数(高计数)方案的归一化均方根误差 (NRMSE) 显示为 11%、4% 和 5%(10%、5%、和 6%) 的偏差,分别与无多路复用的基本事实的偏差。对于低计数和高计数场景,方案#1 导致几乎所有分析的脑灰质区域的最不准确活动比率 (AR)。进一步的方案#2 或#3 为所有分析的灰质区域在低计数和高计数场景中产生了最准确的 AR 值。因此观察到,即使具有导致显着多路复用水平的这种大头部尺寸,多路复用的更高灵敏度也可以在一定程度上减轻数据模糊性并转化为更高质量的重建图像。

更新日期:2021-09-22
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