The production of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) continues to receive considerable attention because of their desirable material characteristics for a variety of consumer applications. There are, however, challenges that remain in transitioning CNFs from research to widespread adoption in the industrial sectors, including production cost and material performance. This Review covers CNFs produced from nonconventional fibrillation methods as a potential alternative solution. Pretreating biomass by biological, chemical, mechanical, or physical means can render plant feedstocks more facile for processing and thus lower energy requirements to produce CNFs. CNFs from nonconventional fibrillation methods have been investigated for various applications, including films, composites, aerogels, and Pickering emulsifiers. Continued research is needed to develop protocols to standardize the characterization (e.g., degree of fibrillation) of the lignocellulosic fibrillation processes and resulting CNF products to make them more attractive to the industry for specific product applications.

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纤维素纳米纤丝的非常规纤丝化方法及其应用研究进展

纤维素纳米纤丝 (CNF) 的生产继续受到相当多的关注，因为它们具有适用于各种消费应用的理想材料特性。然而，在将 CNF 从研究转变为工业部门的广泛采用方面仍然存在挑战，包括生产成本和材料性能。本综述涵盖了由非常规纤维化方法生产的 CNF 作为潜在的替代解决方案。通过生物、化学、机械或物理方式预处理生物质可以使植物原料更易于加工，从而降低生产 CNF 的能量需求。来自非传统原纤化方法的 CNF 已被研究用于各种应用，包括薄膜、复合材料、气凝胶和皮克林乳化剂。需要继续研究以制定标准化木质纤维素原纤化过程和所得 CNF 产品的表征（例如原纤化程度）的协议，以使其对特定产品应用的行业更具吸引力。