ABSTRACT

Remote sensing and geospatial techniques are being used to provide large-scale and regional solutions for achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, including sustainable infrastructure development. Road transportation infrastructure has a significant contribution to the economy, but it also increases environmental pressure. However, little knowledge is available about spatial characteristics in the relationship between road impacts on the economy and impacts on the roadside environment. This research explores the spatial disparities in the relationship of road impacts on a continental level in Australia from 2011 to 2016. The performance of road transportation infrastructure is characterized from the perspectives of road density, connectivity, traffic volumes, and service to communities, other transportations (e.g. ports and airports), and industries, using remote sensing data and spatial heterogeneity models. Local economy and roadside environment are respectively presented using resident income and the change of roadside Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) derived from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite generated from Google Earth Engine. The road impacts of variables and their interaction on the economy and environment were calculated using an optimal parameters-based geographical detectors model (OPGD). Results reveal that the interaction of road density and traffic volumes can explain 47.4% of the resident income. In addition, results demonstrate the significant spatial disparities in the relationship between road impacts on the economy and impacts on the local environment. In major cities, such as Sydney and Melbourne, the pressure of roadside environment is increased with the economic growth, but the roadside environment has been improved in suburban and rural areas. Areas with the service to industries range from 64.4 km to 128 km have the most significant roadside EVI increase (2.5%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research to explore spatially differentiated trade-offs between the economic and roadside environmental impacts of roads using remotely sensed data, geospatial data, and spatial heterogeneity model at the continental level. Findings from this study provide an in-depth understanding of the interactions and trade-offs of road impacts on the local economy and the environment. Geospatial trade-offs and impact analysis methods in the study can be applied in wider fields to achieve global and regional SDGs.

摘要

遥感和地理空间技术正被用于为实现联合国的可持续发展目标 (SDG)，包括可持续基础设施发展，提供大规模和区域解决方案。道路交通基础设施对经济的贡献很大，但也增加了环境压力。然而，关于道路对经济的影响与对路边环境的影响之间关系的空间特征知之甚少。本研究探讨了 2011 年至 2016 年澳大利亚大陆层面道路影响关系的空间差异。道路交通基础设施的性能从道路密度、连通性、交通量以及对社区、其他交通的服务的角度表征（例如 港口和机场）和工业，使用遥感数据和空间异质性模型。当地经济和路边环境分别使用居民收入和路边增强植被指数（EVI）和气溶胶光学深度（AOD）的变化来呈现，这些变化来自谷歌地球引擎生成的Terra卫星上的中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）。使用基于最优参数的地理检测器模型 (OPGD) 计算变量的道路影响及其对经济和环境的相互作用。结果表明，道路密度和交通量的相互作用可以解释居民收入的 47.4%。此外，结果表明道路对经济的影响与对当地环境的影响之间的关系存在显着的空间差异。在悉尼、墨尔本等大城市，随着经济的增长，路边环境的压力越来越大，但郊区和农村地区的路边环境得到了改善。为工业提供服务的区域范围从 64.4 公里到 128 公里，其路边 EVI 增长最为显着（2.5%）。据我们所知，这是第一项在大陆层面使用遥感数据、地理空间数据和空间异质性模型探索道路的经济和路边环境影响之间空间差异权衡的研究。这项研究的结果深入了解了道路对当地经济和环境影响的相互作用和权衡。