Purpose

To compare energy intake (EI) and appetite regulation responses between men and women following acute bouts of aerobic (AEx), resistance exercise (REx), and a sedentary control (CON).

Methods

Men and women (n = 24; 50% male) with overweight/obesity, matched on age (32.3 ± 2 vs. 36.8 ± 2 yrs, p = 0.14) and BMI (28.1 ± 1.2 vs 29.0 ± 1.5 kg/m2, p = 0.64) completed 3 conditions: 1) AEx (65–70% of age-predicted maximum heart rate for 45 min); 2) REx (1-set to failure on 12 exercises); and 3) CON. Each condition was initiated in the post-prandial state (35 min following consumption of a standardized breakfast). Appetite (visual analog scale for hunger, satiety, and prospective food consumption [PFC]) and hormones (ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1) were measured in the fasted state and every 30 min post-prandially for 3 h. Post-exercise ad libitum EI at the lunch meal was also measured.

Results

Men reported higher levels of hunger compared to women across all study conditions (AEx: Men: 7815.00 ± 368.3; Women: 5428.50 ± 440.0 mm x 180 min; p = 0.025; REx: Men: 7110.00 ± 548.4; Women: 6086.25 ± 482.9 mm x 180 min; p = 0.427; CON: Men: 8315.00 ± 429.8; Women: 5311.25 ± 543.1 mm x 180 min; p = 0.021) and consumed a greater absolute caloric load than women at the ad libitum lunch meal (AEx: Men: 1021.6 ± 105.4; Women: 851.7 ± 70.5 kcals; p = 0.20; REx: Men: 1114.7 ± 104.0; Women: 867.7 ± 76.4 kcals; p = 0.07; CON: Men: 1087.0 ± 98.8; Women: 800.5 ± 102.3 kcals; p = 0.06). However, when adjusted for relative energy needs, there was no difference in relative ad libitum EI observed between men and women. No differences in Area Under the Curve for Satiety, PFC, ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 were noted between men and women following acute exercise (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions

These data suggest that women report lower ratings of appetite following an acute bout of exercise or sedentary time when compared to men, yet have similar relative EI. Future work is needed to examine whether sex-based differences in appetite regulation and EI are present with chronic exercise of differing modalities.

中文翻译：

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急性运动对男性和女性食欲和能量摄入的影响

目的

比较男性和女性在急性有氧运动 (AEx)、阻力运动 (REx) 和久坐控制 (CON) 后的能量摄入 (EI) 和食欲调节反应。

方法

男性和女性（n  = 24；50% 男性）超重/肥胖，年龄匹配（32.3 ± 2 vs. 36.8 ± 2 岁，p  = 0.14）和 BMI（28.1 ± 1.2 vs 29.0 ± 1.5 kg/m2，p  = 0.64) 完成 3 个条件：1) AEx（年龄预测最大心率的 65-70%，持续 45 分钟）；2）REx（12练习1组失败）；和 3) CON。每个条件都是在餐后状态（食用标准化早餐后 35 分钟）开始的。食欲（饥饿、饱腹感和预期食物消耗的视觉模拟量表 [PFC]）和激素（生长素释放肽、PYY 和 GLP-1）在禁食状态和餐后每 30 分钟测量 3 小时。 还测量了午餐时的运动后 随意EI。

结果

在所有研究条件下，男性报告的饥饿程度高于女性（AEx：男性：7815.00 ± 368.3；女性：5428.50 ± 440.0 mm x 180 分钟；p  = 0.025；REx：男性：7110.00 ± 548.4；女性：6086.25 ± 482.9 mm x 180 分钟；p  = 0.427；CON：男性：8315.00 ± 429.8；女性：5311.25 ± 543.1 毫米 x 180 分钟；p = 0.021），并且在随意午餐 时消耗的绝对热量负荷高于女性（AEx：男性： 1021.6 ± 105.4；女性：851.7 ± 70.5 kcal；p  = 0.20；REx：男性：1114.7 ± 104.0；女性：867.7 ± 76.4 kcal；p  = 0.07；CON：男性：1087.0 ± 98.8；女性：800.5 ± 102.3 kcal；p = 0.06)。 然而，当根据相对能量需求进行调整时，男性和女性之间观察到的相对随意EI没有差异 。男性和女性在急性运动后的饱腹感曲线下面积、PFC、生长素释放肽、PYY 和 GLP-1 没有差异（所有p  > 0.05）。

结论

这些数据表明，与男性相比，女性在剧烈运动或久坐时间后报告的食欲评分较低，但相对 EI 相似。未来的工作需要检查在不同方式的慢性运动中是否存在基于性别的食欲调节和 EI 差异。