Pancreatic islets are essential for maintaining physiological blood glucose levels, and declining islet function is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. We employ mass spectrometry-based proteomics to systematically analyze islets from 9 genetic or diet-induced mouse models representing a broad cross-section of metabolic health. Quantifying the islet proteome to a depth of >11,500 proteins, this study represents the most detailed analysis of mouse islet proteins to date. Our data highlight that the majority of islet proteins are expressed in all strains and diets, but more than half of the proteins vary in expression levels, principally due to genetics. Associating these varied protein expression levels on an individual animal basis with individual phenotypic measures reveals islet mitochondrial function as a major positive indicator of metabolic health regardless of strain. This compendium of strain-specific and dietary changes to mouse islet proteomes represents a comprehensive resource for basic and translational islet cell biology.

胰岛对于维持生理血糖水平至关重要，胰岛功能下降是 2 型糖尿病的标志。我们采用基于质谱的蛋白质组学来系统地分析来自 9 种遗传或饮食诱导的小鼠模型的胰岛，这些模型代表了代谢健康的广泛横截面。这项研究将胰岛蛋白质组量化到超过 11,500 个蛋白质的深度，是迄今为止对小鼠胰岛蛋白质的最详细分析。我们的数据强调大多数胰岛蛋白在所有菌株和饮食中表达，但超过一半的蛋白质表达水平不同，主要是由于遗传。将个体动物基础上这些不同的蛋白质表达水平与个体表型测量相关联，揭示了胰岛线粒体功能是代谢健康的主要积极指标，无论应变如何。小鼠胰岛蛋白质组的菌株特异性和饮食变化概要代表了基础和转化胰岛细胞生物学的综合资源。