In this letter, a new method on the ${K}$ -factor estimation is proposed for wireless communications over Rician frequency-flat fading channels. Firstly, the mean and variance of the squared envelope of the received signal are respectively derived. Then, we employ them to further derive the closed-form expression for the ${K}$ -factor and finally present its estimation formula. Performance analyses, supported by Monte Carlo simulation results for a range of channel conditions, reveal that our proposed estimator outperforms prior techniques, and illustrate the approximate robustness of our suggested work to the signal-to-noise ratio, maximum Doppler shift, and angle of arrival without considering a priori knowledge.

中文翻译：

---

Rician 频率平坦衰落信道上无线通信的 K 因子估计

在这封信中，一种新的方法 ${K}$ -factor 估计被提议用于通过 Rician 频率平坦衰落信道的无线通信。首先分别推导出接收信号平方包络的均值和方差。然后，我们使用它们进一步推导出闭式表达式 ${K}$ -factor，最后给出它的估计公式。一系列信道条件的蒙特卡罗模拟结果支持的性能分析表明，我们提出的估计器优于现有技术，并说明了我们建议的工作对信噪比、最大多普勒频移和角度的近似鲁棒性。抵达不考虑先验知识。