Anthropogenic activities may have increased the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in fish from the southeastern Carajás Mineral Province in Brazil, which has not yet been studied. The objectives were to determine the quality parameters of surface water and bottom sediments, and to assess the bioaccumulation and risks of Al, Fe, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn in fish species from the southeastern Carajás Mineral Province. Water, sediments and fish species (Colossoma macropomum, Curimata cyprinoides, Geophagus sp., Leporinus trifasciatus, and Serrasalmus eigenmanni) were collected in 14 areas in the municipalities of Parauapebas, Marabá and Canaã dos Carajás, contemplating the Gelado Stream and the Parauapebas, Tapirapé and Itacaiúnas Rivers. Water samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis using a multiparameter meter. Concentrations of PTEs in all samples were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) were calculated to study the sediment enrichment and contamination. Ecological and human health risk assessments were performed to determine the risks to the environment and population's health. EF and Igeo revealed that the sediments from the Parauapebas River and Gelado Stream are respectively enriched by Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Pb, and Ba, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and V. The concentrations of Fe (1.67 mg L⁻¹) and Mn (0.11 mg L⁻¹) in water and the concentrations of Cr (>0.1 mg kg⁻¹) and Pb (>2 mg kg⁻¹) in fish were above the Brazilian legislation thresholds. The ecological risk assessment revealed considerable risk from Ni and moderate risk from multiple PTEs in sediments from the Gelado Stream. Human health risks were detected for Pb in all fish species and for Mo in L. trifasciatus. These results indicate that techniques for monitoring and controlling contamination must be implemented by the environmental agencies.

人为活动可能增加了巴西东南部卡拉加斯矿产省鱼类中潜在有毒元素 (PTE) 的浓度，但尚未对此进行研究。目的是确定地表水和底部沉积物的质量参数，并评估 Al、Fe、Ba、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Ti、V 和 Zn 的生物积累和风险在卡拉哈斯矿产省东南部的鱼类中。水、沉积物和鱼类（Colossoma macropomum、Curimata cyprinoides、Geophagus  sp. 、Leporinus trifasciatus和Serrasalmus eigenmanni) 在 Paraauapebas、Marabá 和 Canaã dos Carajás 市的 14 个地区收集，考虑 Gelado Stream 和 Paraauapebas、Tapirapé 和 Itacaiúnas 河。使用多参数仪表对水样进行物理化学分析。所有样品中 PTE 的浓度通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法进行量化。计算富集因子（EF）和地积聚指数（Igeo），研究沉积物富集和污染。进行了生态和人类健康风险评估，以确定对环境和人口健康的风险。EF 和 Igeo 揭示了 Paraauapebas 河和 Gelado 溪流的沉积物分别富含 Ba、Co、Cu、Cr、Mn、Pb 和 Ba、Co、Cr、Ni、Pb 和 V。Fe 的浓度（1.67 mg大号^{− 1} ) 和 Mn (0.11 mg L ^-1 ) 以及鱼类中 Cr (>0.1 mg kg ^-1 ) 和 Pb (>2 mg kg ^-1 ) 的浓度高于巴西立法阈值。生态风险评估揭示了来自 Gelado Stream 沉积物中的 Ni 的相当大的风险和多个 PTE 的中等风险。检测到所有鱼类中的 Pb 和L. trifasciatus中的 Mo 对人类健康构成风险。这些结果表明，监测和控制污染的技术必须由环境机构实施。