Natural gas infrastructures play a key role in the transition towards the new energy model, with a high share of renewable energies, both ensuring the firm capacity of electric power systems and integrating all energy vectors. The European Union (EU) strongly depends on external natural gas suppliers and is thus particularly vulnerable. In the event of supply problems due to natural phenomena, technical failures or other threats, cooperation between EU countries would be essential to best solve a supply crisis. This study proposes an EU cooperative model to meet the gas demand over a fourteen-day crisis, using a mathematical optimisation approach for resources and infrastructure. The model considers the dynamic management of underground gas storage facilities, limiting daily withdrawal based on the amount of working gas available in each storage facility. The ability of the model to make quick decisions is illustrated in six gas-demand case studies of the European cold wave in January 2017 and hypothetical supply disruptions.

天然气基础设施在向新能源模式转型中发挥着关键作用，可再生能源占比高，既能确保电力系统的稳定容量，又能整合所有能源载体。欧盟 (EU) 强烈依赖外部天然气供应商，因此特别脆弱。如果由于自然现象、技术故障或其他威胁导致供应问题，欧盟国家之间的合作对于最好地解决供应危机至关重要。本研究提出了一种欧盟合作模式，以利用资源和基础设施的数学优化方法来满足 14 天危机期间的天然气需求。该模型考虑了地下储气库的动态管理，根据每个储存设施中可用的工作气体量限制每日提取。该模型做出快速决策的能力在 2017 年 1 月欧洲寒潮和假设供应中断的六个天然气需求案例研究中得到了说明。