To address fermion mass hierarchy and flavor mixings in the quark and lepton sectors, a minimal flavor structure without any redundant parameters beyond phenomenological observables is proposed via decomposition of the Standard Model Yukawa mass matrix into a bi-unitary form. After reviewing the roles and parameterization of the factorized matrix M0f and FLf in fermion masses and mixings, we generalize the mechanism to up- and down-type fermions to unify them into a universal quark/lepton Yukawa interaction. In the same way, a unified form of the description of the quark and lepton Yukawa interactions is also proposed, which shows a similar picture as the unification of gauge interactions.

中文翻译：

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夸克和轻子标准模型的统一汤川相互作用

为了解决夸克和轻子扇区中的费米子质量层次和风味混合问题，通过将标准模型 Yukawa 质量矩阵分解为双酉形式，提出了一种最小风味结构，没有任何超出唯象学可观测的冗余参数。在审查了分解矩阵的角色和参数化之后米0F和F大号F在费米子质量和混合中，我们将机制推广到上下型费米子，以将它们统一为普遍的夸克/轻子汤川相互作用。同理，夸克和轻子汤川相互作用的统一描述形式也被提出，这与规范相互作用的统一呈现出类似的图景。