Early engagement of the lymphatic system by solid tumors in peripheral, nonlymphoid tissues is a clinical hallmark of cancer and often forecasts poor prognosis. The significance of lymph node metastasis for distant spread, however, has been questioned by large-scale lymph node dissection trials and the likely prevalence of direct hematogenous metastasis. Still, an emerging appreciation for the immunological role of the tumor-draining lymph node has renewed interest in its basic biology, role in metastatic progression, antitumor immunity, and patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the early mechanisms through which tumors engage lymphatic transport and condition tumor-draining lymph nodes, the significance of these changes for both metastasis and immunity, and potential implications of the tumor-draining lymph node for immunotherapy.

中文翻译：

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肿瘤引流淋巴结：转移和免疫的十字路口

外周非淋巴组织中的实体瘤对淋巴系统的早期参与是癌症的临床标志，通常预示着预后不良。然而，淋巴结转移对远处扩散的重要性受到大规模淋巴结清扫试验和直接血行转移的可能流行的质疑。尽管如此，对肿瘤引流淋巴结的免疫学作用的新兴认识已经重新引起人们对其基础生物学、转移进展中的作用、抗肿瘤免疫和患者预后的兴趣。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了我们目前对肿瘤参与淋巴转运和调节肿瘤引流淋巴结的早期机制的理解，这些变化对转移和免疫的意义，