Organic solar cells (OSCs) simultaneously featuring good photovoltaic performance and strong humidity resistance are greatly anticipated for their practical application. Herein, we developed a simple organic trisiloxane molecule (denoted as TSi), and applied it to modify sol–gel ZnO (sg-ZnO) films. Compared to pristine sg-ZnO films, the TSi/sg-ZnO film presents fewer surface defects, shallower work function, and stronger hydrophobicity. Benefiting from those improved characteristics, when adopting a benzodifuran (BDF)-based polymer (BDFP-Bz) and Y6 as the electron donor and acceptor to fabricate OSCs, the derived devices utilizing TSi/sg-ZnO as the electron transport layer (ETL) showed suppressed charge recombination, enhanced charge extraction and increased stability to moisture versus the devices based on an sg-ZnO ETL. Meanwhile, PBDFP-Bz:Y6 OSCs based on a TSi/sg-ZnO ETL delivered a higher PCE of 14.62% than that of the control devices (12.39%). More importantly, the TSi/sg-ZnO ETL was also applicable in other different photovoltaic systems, among which PM6:Y6 OSCs based on a TSi/sg-ZnO ETL yielded a superior PCE of 16.37% along with stronger stability to moisture versus the reference ones. Our finding demonstrates the TSi/sg-ZnO bilayer ETL holds promise in the practical application of OSCs for simultaneously improving the photovoltaic performance and moisture-resistance of devices.

中文翻译：

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通过同时减少电子传输层的表面缺陷和亲水性，开发高效且防潮的有机太阳能电池

同时具有良好光伏性能和强耐湿性的有机太阳能电池（OSC）在实际应用中备受期待。在此，我们开发了一种简单的有机三硅氧烷分子（表示为 TSi），并将其应用于改性溶胶-凝胶 ZnO（sg-ZnO）薄膜。与原始的 sg-ZnO 薄膜相比，TSi/sg-ZnO 薄膜具有更少的表面缺陷、更浅的功函数和更强的疏水性。受益于这些改进的特性，当采用苯并二呋喃 (BDF) 基聚合物 (BDFP-Bz) 和 Y6 作为电子供体和受体来制造 OSC 时，衍生器件利用 TSi/sg-ZnO 作为电子传输层 (ETL)显示出抑制的电荷复合、增强的电荷提取和增加的对水分的稳定性与基于 sg-ZnO ETL 的器件。同时，基于 TSi/sg-ZnO ETL 的 PBDFP-Bz:Y6 OSC 提供了比控制设备 (12.39%) 更高的 PCE，为 14.62%。更重要的是，TSi/sg-ZnO ETL 也适用于其他不同的光伏系统，其中基于 TSi/sg-ZnO ETL 的 PM6:Y6 OSC 产生了 16.37% 的优异 PCE 以及与参考相比更强的水分稳定性那些。我们的发现表明 TSi/sg-ZnO 双层 ETL 在 OSC 的实际应用中有望同时提高器件的光伏性能和防潮性。