In this paper, fast ion and electron delivery inside electrode materials, which is very crucial to the aqueous zinc-ion hybrid batteries (AZHBs), has been studied in order to achieve the excellent electrochemical performance. The Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃@C (LVP@C) composites were successfully fabricated by freeze-drying assisted sol-gel method, and the effects of carbon content on the structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of LVP@C composites were investigated. XRD results suggested that the products were made up of an ideal monoclinic structure of LVP, and the structural changes of Li⁺ intercalation and de-intercalation during charge-discharge process were verified. Particularly, the LVP@C-05 sample exhibits excellent crystallinity. SEM images presented that with the increase of carbon content, the size of particles is smaller, and the distribution of particles is more uniform and dispersed. Especially, the LVP@C-05 sample has the smallest and the most uniform dispersed particles. The charging-discharging results indicated that the LVP@C-05 sample delivers the highest initial capacity of 95mAh g⁻¹ at the current density of 2C, and the capacity retention after 50th cycles is 91%. Even at 20C current density, the LVP@C-05 also shows an attractive discharge capacity as high as 67mAh g⁻¹. CV results presented that the ionic diffusion coefficient of the LVP@C-05 sample is the highest (2.59×10⁻¹² cm² s⁻¹), compared to the value of LVP@C-0, LVP@C-03, LVP@C-07 sample. Besides, EIS and Nyquist plots fitting results indicated that the R_ct of LVP@C-05 sample is the lowest (189.5 Ω), showing a lower charge transfer resistance and increasing the kinetics of the reaction.

在本文中，电极材料内部的快速离子和电子传输对水性锌离子混合电池（AZHBs）非常重要，以实现优异的电化学性能。冻干辅助溶胶-凝胶法成功制备了Li ₃ V ₂ (PO ₄ ) ₃ @C(LVP@C)复合材料，研究了碳含量对LVP@C复合材料结构、形貌和电化学性能的影响被调查。XRD结果表明产物由理想的LVP单斜结构组成，Li ⁺的结构变化验证了充放电过程中的嵌入和脱嵌。特别是 LVP@C-05 样品表现出优异的结晶度。SEM图像表明，随着碳含量的增加，颗粒尺寸变小，颗粒分布更加均匀和分散。特别是 LVP@C-05 样品具有最小和最均匀的分散颗粒。充放电结果表明，LVP@C-05样品在2C电流密度下的初始容量最高为95mAh g ^-1，第50次循环后容量保持率为91%。即使在 20C 的电流密度下，LVP@C-05 也显示出高达 67mAh g ^-1的有吸引力的放电容量. CV结果表明，与LVP@C-0、LVP@C-03、LVP的值相比，LVP@C-05样品的离子扩散系数最高（2.59×10 ^-12 cm ² s ^-1） @C-07 样本。此外，EIS 和 Nyquist 图拟合结果表明，LVP@C-05 样品的 R _ct最低（189.5 Ω），显示出较低的电荷转移电阻并增加了反应动力学。