Despite the marked success of molecular targeted therapy in lung cancer in this era of personalized medicine, its efficacy has been limited by the presence of resistance mechanisms. The prognosis of patients with lung cancer remains poor, and there is an unmet need to develop more effective therapies to improve clinical outcomes. The increasing insight into the human immune system has led to breakthroughs in immunotherapy and has prompted research interest in employing immunotherapy to treat lung cancer. Natural killer (NK) cells, which serve as the first line of defense against tumors, can induce the innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, the use of NK cells for the development of novel lung‑cancer immunotherapy strategies is promising. A growing number of novel approaches that boost NK cell antitumor immunity and expand NK cell populations ex vivo now provide a platform for the development of antitumor immunotherapy. The present review outlined the biology of NK cells, summarized the role of NK cells in lung cancer and the effect of the tumor microenvironment on NK cells, highlighted the potential of NK cell‑based immunotherapy as an effective therapeutic strategy for lung cancer and discussed future directions.

中文翻译：

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基于自然杀伤细胞的肺癌免疫疗法：挑战与展望（综述）。

尽管在这个个性化医疗时代，肺癌分子靶向治疗取得了显著成功，但其疗效受到耐药机制的限制。肺癌患者的预后仍然很差，开发更有效的疗法以改善临床结果的需求尚未得到满足。对人体免疫系统的深入了解导致了免疫疗法的突破，并激发了使用免疫疗法治疗肺癌的研究兴趣。自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞作为抵御肿瘤的第一道防线，可以诱导先天性和适应性免疫反应。因此，使用 NK 细胞开发新型肺癌免疫治疗策略是有希望的。离体现在为开发抗肿瘤免疫疗法提供了一个平台。本综述概述了 NK 细胞的生物学，总结了 NK 细胞在肺癌中的作用以及肿瘤微环境对 NK 细胞的影响，强调了基于 NK 细胞的免疫疗法作为肺癌有效治疗策略的潜力，并讨论了未来方向。