Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), discovered in 2010, have been recognized as immune cells with unique functions and their involvement in various diseases has been clarified. Before 2010, the antigen-specific response was a primary focus of immunology research, and immune responses were considered almost equivalent to biological responses to foreign antigens. However, with the emergence of ILC2s, the importance of 'antigen-independent responses' was confirmed, and this concept has permeated basic and clinical research as well as drug development. When ILC2s were discovered, their function in the acute phase of diseases garnered attention because of their rapid and potent type 2 immune response. However, several studies have revealed that the main role of ILC2s is more closely related to the chronicity of diseases, such as allergy and fibrosis, than to the induction of diseases. In this review, we discuss how ILC2 research has affected the concept of 'Taishitsu', a Japanese term describing the overall nature of an individual as determined by the interaction of genetic and acquired predisposition.

中文翻译：

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第 2 组先天性淋巴细胞的发现改变了 2 型免疫疾病的概念。

2010 年发现的第 2 组先天性淋巴细胞（ILC2s）已被公认为具有独特功能的免疫细胞，其与多种疾病的关系已被阐明。2010年之前，抗原特异性反应是免疫学研究的主要焦点，免疫反应被认为几乎等同于对外来抗原的生物学反应。然而，随着ILC2s的出现，“抗原独立反应”的重要性得到了证实，这一概念已经渗透到基础和临床研究以及药物开发中。当 ILC2 被发现时，它们在疾病急性期的功能因其快速而有效的 2 型免疫反应而受到关注。然而，一些研究表明，ILC2s的主要作用与疾病的慢性化密切相关，比如过敏和纤维化，比诱发疾病。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 ILC2 研究如何影响“Taishitsu”的概念，这是一个日本术语，描述了由遗传和后天倾向的相互作用决定的个体的整体性质。