There is an increasing interest in studying bacterial-fungal interactions (BFIs), also the interactions of Pleurotus ostreatus, a model white-rot fungus and important cultivated mushroom. In Europe, P. ostreatus is produced on a wheat straw-based substrate with a characteristic bacterial community, where P. ostreatus is exposed to the microbiome during substrate colonisation. This study investigated how the bacterial community structure was affected by the introduction of P. ostreatus into the mature substrate. Based on the results obtained, the effect of the presence and absence of this microbiome on P. ostreatus production in an experimental cultivation setup was determined. 16S rRNA gene-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and amplicon sequencing revealed a definite succession of the microbiome during substrate colonisation and fruiting body production: a sharp decrease in relative abundance of Thermus spp. and Actinobacteria, and the increasing dominance of Bacillales and Halomonas spp. The introduced experimental cultivation setup proved the protective role of the microbial community against competing fungi without affecting P. ostreatus growth. We could also demonstrate that this effect could be attributed to both living microbes and their secreted metabolites. These findings highlight the importance of bacterial-fungal interactions during mushroom production.

中文翻译：

---

平菇生产过程中细菌群落的演替和潜在作用

人们对研究细菌-真菌相互作用（BFI）以及平菇（一种白腐真菌模型和重要栽培蘑菇）的相互作用越来越感兴趣。在欧洲，P. ostreatus是在具有特征性细菌群落的麦秆基质上生产的，其中P. ostreatus在基质定殖期间暴露于微生物组。本研究调查了将平菇引入成熟基质中对细菌群落结构的影响。根据获得的结果，确定了该微生物组的存在和不存在对实验培养装置中平菇生产的影响。基于 16S rRNA 基因的末端限制性片段长度多态性 (T-RFLP) 和扩增子测序揭示了在底物定植和子实体生产过程中微生物组的明确连续性：栖热菌属的相对丰度急剧下降。和放线菌，以及芽孢杆菌目和盐单胞菌属的优势日益增强。引入的实验培养装置证明了微生物群落对竞争性真菌的保护作用，而不影响平菇的生长。我们还可以证明这种效应可以归因于活微生物及其分泌的代谢物。这些发现强调了蘑菇生产过程中细菌-真菌相互作用的重要性。