Gender disparity in the field of neurology impedes scientific advancements and innovations. In 2018, 45.0% of neurology and neurological subspecialty residents were women. Despite a notable rise in the proportion of women neurologists over the past decades, inequalities regarding publication proportions between men and women persist in the field. This cohort study examines authorship trends in articles published in 155 international neurology journals, identified as those listed in the annual Journal Citation Reports' "Clinical Neurology" section. Authors' names, authorship positions and countries of affiliation were extracted from PubMed for indexed articles published from 1946 to 2020. Gender-API (a validated and highly accurate application program interface) assigned binary genders to authors. Author gender proportions were compared across subspecialties, authorship position and years. In 303,385 unique articles, 1,663,036 total authors were identified of which 34.1% were women. Neuroradiology demonstrated the lowest proportion of women authors (21.3%), while neurogenetics displayed the highest (44.5%). In articles with multiple authors, both men and women last authors were more likely to publish with a male first author, though this was significantly more pronounced for men last authors (1.86 vs. 1.08; p < 0.001). From 2002 to 2020, women remained in the minority of last (24.6%), first (36.2%), and middle author positions (35.8%). The authorship gender distribution in neurological journals neither reflects the gender proportion of neurologists in the field overall nor in any subspecialty examined. We also find a tendency for senior and junior authors of the same gender to publish together which perpetuates authorship inequity. Further work is needed to identify underlying causes so that interventions might be developed to improve authorship diversity.

中文翻译：

---

神经病学研究著作中的性别差距（1946-2020）。

神经病学领域的性别差异阻碍了科学进步和创新。2018 年，45.0% 的神经内科和神经科亚专科住院医师是女性。尽管过去几十年女性神经科医生的比例显着增加，但该领域男女发表比例的不平等仍然存在。这项队列研究检查了发表在 155 种国际神经病学期刊上的文章的作者趋势，这些期刊被确定为年度期刊引证报告的“临床神经病学”部分中列出的那些。对于 1946 年至 2020 年发表的索引文章，作者的姓名、作者职位和所属国家/地区从 PubMed 中提取。 Gender-API（一种经过验证且高度准确的应用程序界面）为作者分配了二进制性别。作者性别比例在亚专业、作者职位和年份之间进行了比较。在 303,385 篇独特的文章中，共确定了 1,663,036 位作者，其中 34.1% 是女性。神经放射学的女性作者比例最低（21.3%），而神经遗传学的比例最高（44.5%）。在有多位作者的文章中，男性和女性最后一位作者更有可能与男性第一作者一起发表，尽管男性最后一位作者的这一点明显更为明显（1.86 对 1.08；p < 0.001）。从 2002 年到 2020 年，女性在最后 (24.6%)、第一 (36.2%) 和中间作者职位 (35.8%) 中仍然占少数。神经病学期刊中的作者性别分布既不能反映神经病学家在该领域的总体性别比例，也不能反映任何研究亚专业的性别比例。我们还发现同性别的高级和初级作者有共同发表文章的趋势，这使作者身份的不平等长期存在。需要进一步的工作来确定根本原因，以便可以制定干预措施来改善作者的多样性。