Visual art offers cognitive neuroscience an opportunity to study how subjective value is constructed from representations supported by multiple neural systems. A surprising finding in aesthetic judgment research is the functional activation of motor areas in response to static, abstract stimuli, like paintings, which has been hypothesized to reflect embodied simulations of artists' painting movements, or preparatory approach-avoidance responses to liked and disliked artworks. However, whether this motor involvement functionally contributes to aesthetic appreciation has not been addressed. Here, we examined the aesthetic experiences of patients with motor dysfunction. Forty-three people with Parkinson disease and 40 controls made motion and aesthetics judgments of high-motion Jackson Pollock paintings and low-motion Piet Mondrian paintings. People with Parkinson disease demonstrated stable and internally consistent preferences for abstract art, but their perception of movement in the paintings was significantly lower than controls in both conditions. The patients also demonstrated enhanced preferences for high-motion art and an altered relationship between motion and aesthetic appreciation. Our results do not accord well with a straightforward embodied simulation account of aesthetic experiences, because artworks that did not include visual traces of the artist's actions were still experienced as lower in motion by Parkinson patients. We suggest that the motor system may be involved in integrating low-level visual features to form abstract representations of movement rather than simulations of specific bodily actions. Overall, we find support for hypotheses linking motor responses and aesthetic appreciation and show that altered neural functioning changes the way art is perceived and valued.

中文翻译：

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审美体验的运动：我们可以从帕金森病中学到什么。

视觉艺术为认知神经科学提供了一个研究主观价值是如何从多个神经系统支持的表征中构建的机会。审美判断研究中的一个令人惊讶的发现是运动区域对静态、抽象刺激（如绘画）的功能激活，这被假设反映了艺术家绘画动作的具体模拟，或对喜欢和不喜欢的艺术品的准备性回避反应. 然而，这种运动参与是否在功能上有助于审美欣赏尚未得到解决。在这里，我们检查了运动功能障碍患者的审美体验。43 名帕金森病患者和 40 名对照者对高动态杰克逊波洛克绘画和低动态皮特蒙德里安绘画进行了动态和美学判断。帕金森病患者表现出对抽象艺术的稳定和内在一致的偏好，但他们对绘画中运动的感知明显低于两种情况下的对照组。患者还表现出对高动态艺术的增强偏好以及动态与审美欣赏之间关系的改变。我们的结果与对审美体验的直接体现模拟描述不太吻合，因为不包括艺术家行为视觉痕迹的艺术品仍然被帕金森患者体验为较低的运动。我们建议运动系统可能参与整合低级视觉特征以形成运动的抽象表示，而不是模拟特定的身体动作。全面的，