Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are a type of artificial polymer, which have complementary cavities that are designed to bind a specific target molecule with a high degree of selectivity. Due to their effectiveness and stability, MIPs have found their way into many applications in medicine, chemistry, analysis and sensing fields. One of the most important modern uses of MIPs is the recognition of biological molecules of medical significance, which are called “biomarkers”. The use of MIPs enables easy and rapid extraction and detection of these biomarkers from different biological matrices. There are multiple techniques that arose for synthesis of MIPs each with their own set of advantages and drawbacks. In this review, we discuss MIPs in detail including their different types, methods of synthesis, characterisation methods, common challenges, in addition to their applications in different fields with a focus on their use in the analysis of protein biomarkers.

分子印迹聚合物 (MIP) 是一种人工聚合物，其具有互补腔，旨在以高度选择性结合特定目标分子。由于其有效性和稳定性，MIP 已进入医学、化学、分析和传感领域的许多应用。MIP 最重要的现代用途之一是识别具有医学意义的生物分子，称为“生物标志物”。MIP 的使用可以轻松快速地从不同的生物基质中提取和检测这些生物标志物。出现了多种用于合成 MIP 的技术，每种技术都有自己的优点和缺点。在这篇综述中，我们详细讨论了 MIP，包括它们的不同类型、合成方法、表征方法、常见挑战、