In recent years, coal gasification has been gradually promoted as clean technology, and coal gasification slag (CGS) emissions have increased accordingly. CGS, including coarse slag and fine slag, is rich in SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ and has pozzolanic activity, and thus CGS can be regarded as a cheap source of aluminosilicate. Also, CGS, especially the fine slag, usually contains higher contents of residual carbon which has a large specific surface area and low volatility and hence can be considered as a favorable precursor of activated carbon. Benefiting from these characteristics, CGS can be used to prepare high value-added porous materials, such as zeolite, mesoporous silica, carbon-silicon composite, and porous ceramics, and the obtained structures accommodate both sufficient adsorption capacity and low cost. Here, we review the research advances in characteristics of CGS and preparation methods of CGS-based porous materials, as well as their adsorption performance of heavy metal ions, organic dyes, ammonia nitrogen, and other water pollutants. The current studies indicate that CGS-derived adsorbents are effective and economical alternatives for removing aqueous pollutants. In addition, further research prospects on CGS-based porous materials are proposed.

近年来，煤气化作为清洁技术逐步得到推广，煤气化炉渣（CGS）排放量也相应增加。CGS，包括粗渣和细渣，富含SiO ₂和Al ₂ O ₃并具有火山灰活性，因此 CGS 可被视为廉价的铝硅酸盐来源。此外，CGS，尤其是细渣，通常含有较高的残留碳含量，具有较大的比表面积和较低的挥发性，因此可以被认为是一种良好的活性炭前驱体。得益于这些特性，CGS 可用于制备高附加值的多孔材料，如沸石、介孔二氧化硅、碳硅复合材料和多孔陶瓷，所获得的结构兼具足够的吸附能力和低成本。本文综述了CGS的特性、CGS基多孔材料的制备方法及其对重金属离子、有机染料、氨氮等水污染物的吸附性能的研究进展。目前的研究表明，CGS 衍生的吸附剂是去除水性污染物的有效且经济的替代品。此外，提出了基于CGS的多孔材料的进一步研究前景。